Question

帮忙翻译下这几段文字，谢谢

二十世纪八十年代以来，世界高岭土消费量一直呈上升趋势，2002 年全世界高岭土用量达到4500万t(造纸工业用2500万t)，其中日本、韩国、东南亚各国的高岭用量为80～100万t左右，而这些国家和地区的高岭土大都是靠进口。目前，世界上共有60多个国家生产高岭土，产量比较大的国家是美国、英国、独联体、韩国、巴西、德国、捷克和中国。上述8个国家的高岭土生产量约占世界总产量的80%，其中美国年产量887万吨，英国年产量约242万吨，巴西170万吨。世界上适于造纸级高岭土矿床，主要分布在美国、英国、巴西、澳大利亚等国。目前，国外不生产煤系煅烧高岭土，其煅烧高岭土产品主要是以软质高岭土为原料。美国生产煅烧高岭土始于二十世纪七十年代初，至1999年煅烧土年产量已达到200万吨，占其总产量的五分之一，占世界煅烧高岭土总产量的80%。由于美国、英国优质高岭土资源经过多年开发，矿产资源已有限，而限制了产量的发展。世界对高岭土的消费主要集中在造纸、陶瓷、油漆和塑料四大领域，在世界范围高岭土用于造纸领域的消费量占消费总量的50%以上。美国是高岭土最大消费国，其次是西欧。美国高岭土产量的60%用于造纸工业（其中造纸涂料占40%，填料占20%），建材20%，耐火砖及玻纤16%，油漆及塑料4%；英国高岭土产量的80%用于造纸工业。我国高岭土消费结构与国外差别较大，在消费总量80-90万吨中，用于陶瓷和耐火材料占了总量的80%，这两个行业大部分是将高岭土原矿就近采购，直接应用，产品档次较低。而造纸工业年消耗高岭土20-22万吨，国内仅能满足9万吨左右，其原因主要是因为我国适合用于造纸涂料的软质高岭土矿床较少。为了改变当前这种状况，需要开展利用煤系高岭土资源，发展煅烧高岭土的生产，以实现我国造纸涂料级高岭土的自给。煤系高岭土是我国特有的高岭土资源，主要分布在我国北方的华北、东北、西北地区的石炭—二叠纪煤系中。我国从二十世纪八十年代初开始开展煤系煅烧高岭土的工作，而工业化大规模生产始于二十世纪九十年代初，且生产厂家少，规模小。目前，我国生产煅烧土厂家有山西、内蒙、陕西、安徽、江苏、宁夏、新疆及东北地区等约几十家，但能生产优质煅烧高岭土且上规模的厂家仅几家，年产量不足10万吨。
2.1.2市场贸易情况目前，世界高岭土年贸易量约为800万吨，其中80%用于造纸，15%用于陶瓷，其他占5%。高岭土主要出口国为英国、美国、巴西、中国等。英美两国高岭土出口量分别占世界贸易的45%和30%，多年来一直控制着国际市场。出口产品主要为剥片土、煅烧土和改性土。主要进口国是日本、德国、意大利、加拿大、芬兰、法国等。其中日本年进口量约占世界贸易量的16％，是亚洲地区高岭土的最大消费市场，每年进口的高岭土已超过120万吨，大都从美国和巴西进口。美国到日本的海洋运输费用每吨约100美元。我国出口的高岭土多为经过选矿的初级产品（水洗土）或原矿。自二十世纪八十年代后期以来，我国高岭土对外出口日益扩大，1995年已上升到44万吨。主要出口对象是香港（73.5%）、日本(10.6%)、马来西亚(10.6%)、台湾(5.39)%，多为原矿，售价低。目前我国用于造纸颜料的高岭土等矿物的需要量为70-80万吨/年，由于我国优质高岭土短缺，不得不以进口或以其他矿物颜料替代。近几年来我国造纸涂料工业进口的煅烧高岭土数量为：1996年3.72万吨、1997年5.43万吨，1998年6.43万吨，1999年10.52万吨，2000年18.7万吨，进口平均价格为360美元/吨。
2.1.3市场价格高岭土价格因产品的品级和产地而异，随行就市，价差较大。高岭土价格的总趋势是稳中有升。填料级、陶瓷级价格平稳，涂料级则一直趋涨。英国和美国D.B.K和THIELE高岭土公司各种高岭土价格，见表2-1。
与中国临近的日本、韩国、东南亚国家和香港及台湾地区，由于缺乏高岭土资源，不生产优质高岭土和煅烧高岭土或产量很少，每年要大量从美国、巴西、英国等国家进口优质高岭土（包括精选高岭土和煅烧高岭土）产品。1998年日本、台湾、南韩、印度尼西亚仅从美国一个国家进口的优质高岭土就分别达到103.794、14.593、11.59、6.846万吨。加上从巴西等国的进口量，日本每年高岭土的进口总量达120万吨以上。与美国、巴西、英国等国相比，中国与日本、韩国、东南亚等国家和地区距离近，占据地理优势，以每吨不高于35美元的运费到日本，而美国到日本的海洋运输费用每吨约100美元，在价格上就具备了竞争优势，打入日本和东南亚市场是完全可能的。因此，随着我国煅烧高岭土加工技术的进步、产品质量的稳定提高和生产规模的扩大，已开始向日本、韩国、东南亚国家和香港及台湾等周边国家和地区出口优质煅烧高岭土，据估计，2007年出口量将达到7万吨左右，2010年25万吨左右。

Answer 1

Since the 1980s, the world kleit consumption quantity continuously hasassumed the trend of escalation, in 2002 the world kleit amount usedachieved 45 million t (papermaking industrial used 25 million t),Japanese, South Korean, the Southeast Asia various countries highrange amount used is about 80 ~ 1 million t, but these national andthe local kleit mostly depends on the import. At present, in the worldaltogether has more than 60 national productions kleit, the outputquite big country is US, England, Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS), South Korea, Brazil, Germany, Czechoslovakia and China. Above 8national kleit productivity approximately composes the world ultimateoutput 80%, American annual output 8.87 million tons, English annualoutput approximately 2.42 million tons, Brazilian 1.7 million tons. Inthe world is suitable for the papermaking level kleit ore deposit,mainly distributes in country and so on US, England, Brazil,Australia. At present, overseas does not produce the coal formation to burn the kleit, its burns the kleit product mainly is takethe soft nature kleit as the raw material. US produces burns thekleit beginning to the 20th century the beginning of 70's, to 1999 the annual output had achieved 2 million tons, account for itsultimate output 1/5, occupies the world to burn the kleit ultimateoutput 80%. Because American, the English high quality kleit resourcespasses through many years development, the mineral resource has beenlimited, but has limited the output development. The world mainlyconcentrates to the kleit expense in the papermaking, the ceramics,the paint and the plastic four big domains, uses in the papermakingdomain consumption quantity in the world scope kleit to account forthe expense total quantity above 50%. US is the kleit biggest expensecountry, next is Western Europe. The American kleit output 60% uses inthe paper industry (papermaking coating to account for 40%, paddingaccounts for 20%), building materials 20%, refractory brick andBolivian filament 16%, paint and plastic 4%; The English kleit output80% uses in the paper industry. Our country kleit consumption patternand overseas difference bigger, in the expense total quantity 80-90ten thousand tons, used in the ceramics and the fire-proof materialhas accounted for the total quantity 80%, these two professionsmajority was nearby purchases the kleit undressed ore, the directapplication, the product scale was lower. But the paper industry yearconsumption kleit 20-22 ten thousand tons, domestic only can satisfyabout 90,000 tons, its reason mainly is because our country suitabllyuses in the papermaking coating soft nature kleit ore deposit to beless. In order to change the current this kind of condition, needs todevelop the use coal formation kleit resources, the development burns the kleit the production, realizes our country papermakingcoating level kleit being self-sufficient. The coal formation kleit isour country unique kleit resources, mainly distributes north part ofour country North China, northeast, in northwest local black coal -permian discipline coal formation. Our country starts from the thebeginning of 1980s to develop the coal formation to burn the kleitthe work, but the industrialization large scale production beginningto the the beginning of 1990s, also produces the factory few, thescale is small. At present, our country produces thefactory to have Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangsu,Ningxia, Xinjiang and the northeast area and so on approximatelyseveral dozens, but can produce high quality burns the kleit alsoon scale factory only several, the annual output insufficient 100,000tons. 2.1.2 markets trades situation at present, the world kleit year tradequantity approximately is 8 million tons, 80% uses in the papermaking,15% uses in the ceramics, other account for 5%. The kleit mainlyexports the country for England, US, Brazil, China and so on. TheEnglish America kleit exportation weighs out do not occupy the worldtrade 45% and 30%, for many years continuously has been controllingthe international market. Exports the product mainly for theearth, and the modified earth. The main import country isJapan, Germany, Italy, Canada, Finland, France and so on. Day thisyear imports the quantity to approximately compose the world tradequantity 16%, is the Asian area kleit biggest expense market, importsevery year the kleit has surpassed 1.2 million tons, mostly importsfrom US and Brazil. US to Japan's sea cartage expense each tonapproximately 100 US dollars. Our country exportation kleit are manyfor the process dressing primary product (laundering earth) or theundressed ore. Since the 1980s later period, the our country kleitforeign exportation daily expansion, in 1995 rose to 440,000 tons.Mainly exports the object is Hong Kong (73.5%), Japan (10.6%),Malaysia (10.6%), Taiwan (5.39) %, many is the undressed ore, theselling price is low. At present our country uses in papermakingpigment mineral the and so on kleit required quantity is 70-80 tenthousand tons/years, because the our country high quality kleit isshort, can not but import or by other mineral color substitutions. Inthe last few years our country papermaking coating industry import burns the kleit quantity is: In 1996 37,200 tons, in 1997 54,300 tons,in 1998 64,300 tons, in 1999 105,200 tons, in 2000 187,000 tons, theimport average price is 360 US dollars/tons. 2.1.3 market prices kleit price because of product grade and habitatbut different, is determined by the market, the price difference isbigger. The kleit price general trend is . The paddinglevel, the ceramic level price is steady, the coating level thencontinuously hastens rises. English and American D.B.K and the THIELEkleit company each kind of kleit price, sees the table 2-1. Question supplement that, Japanese, South Korean, Southeast Asiacountry and Hong Kong and Taiwan area approaches which with China,because lacks the kleit resources, does not produce the high qualitykleit and burns the kleit or the output are very few, mustmassively from national import high quality kleit and so on the US,Brazil, England (including select kleit every year and burnskleit) the product. In 1998 Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Indonesia onlyrespectively achieved 103.794 from American country import highquality kleit, 14.593, 11.59, 68,460 tons. Adds on from country's theand so on Brazil import quantity, Japan the kleit import totalquantity amounts to above every year 1.2 million tons. With countryand so on US, Brazil, England compares, country and the area and so onChina and Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia are away from near,occupies the geography superiority, is not higher than 35 US dollarstransport expense by each ton to arrive Japan, but US to Japan's seacartage expense each ton 100 US dollars, has approximately had thecompetitive advantage in the price, infiltrates Japanese and theSoutheast Asia market is completely possible. Therefore, burns thekleit processing technology along with our country the progress, theproduct quality stable enhancement and the production scale expansion,started to Japanese, South Korean, the Southeast Asia country and HongKong and Taiwan and so on the peripheral country and the localexportation high quality burns the kleit, it is estimated, in 2007will export the quantity to amount to about 70,000 tons, in 2010 about250,000 tons.

我服了你,这么长的文章翻译,只给人家五分?太小气了吧!

Answer 2

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Answer 3

20 1980s, the world kaolin consumption has been on an upward trend, Kaolin 2002 world consumption reached 45 million (paper industry used 25 million), Japan, t t South Korea and Southeast Asian countries in the amount of kaolinite about 80 to 100 million, t These countries and regions are mostly kaolin to rely on imports. 目前，世界上共有60多个国家生产高岭土，产量比较大的国家是美国、英国、独联体、韩国、巴西、德国、捷克和中国。Currently, a total of 60 world countries kaolin production, yield bigger countries are the United States, Britain, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Republic of Korea, Brazil, Germany, the Czech Republic and China. 上述8个国家的高岭土生产量约占世界总产量的80%，其中美国年产量887万吨，英国年产量约242万吨，巴西170万吨。These eight countries kaolin production accounts for about 80% of world output, which the United States annually 8.87 million tons, British output of about 2.42 million tons, 1.7 million tons Brazil. 世界上适于造纸级高岭土矿床，主要分布在美国、英国、巴西、澳大利亚等国。Paper suitable for world-class kaolin deposits, mainly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Australia and other countries. 目前，国外不生产煤系煅烧高岭土，其煅烧高岭土产品主要是以软质高岭土为原料。Currently, foreign coal production of calcined kaolin, calcined kaolin products mainly soft Kaolin for raw materials. 美国生产煅烧高岭土始于二十世纪七十年代初，至1999年煅烧土年产量已达到200万吨，占其总产量的五分之一，占世界煅烧高岭土总产量的80%。American calcined kaolin production began in the 20th century, the early 1970s, 1999 Burning Soil output has reached 2 million tons, accounts for a fifth of total output. calcined kaolin cent of the world's total output of 80%. 由于美国、英国优质高岭土资源经过多年开发，矿产资源已有限，而限制了产量的发展。Because the United States, the United Kingdom quality kaolin resources after years of development, mineral resources have been limited, and limiting the output of the development. 世界对高岭土的消费主要集中在造纸、陶瓷、油漆和塑料四大领域，在世界范围高岭土用于造纸领域的消费量占消费总量的50%以上。World consumption of kaolin mainly concentrated in the paper, ceramics, paint and plastics four major areas, Kaolin in the world for paper consumption accounts for the consumption of over 50%. 美国是高岭土最大消费国，其次是西欧。The United States is the largest consumer of kaolin, followed by Western Europe. 美国高岭土产量的60%用于造纸工业（其中造纸涂料占40%，填料占20%），建材20%，耐火砖及玻纤16%，油漆及塑料4%；英国高岭土产量的80%用于造纸工业。United States 60% of the kaolin production for the paper industry (accounting for 40% of paper coatings, fillers 20%), building materials 20%, 16% refractory bricks and glass, paint and plastics 4%; British kaolin production for 80% of the paper industry. 我国高岭土消费结构与国外差别较大，在消费总量80-90万吨中，用于陶瓷和耐火材料占了总量的80%，这两个行业大部分是将高岭土原矿就近采购，直接应用，产品档次较低。China's consumption structure of kaolin and abroad, greater differences in the total consumption 80-90 million tons. for ceramics and refractories account for 80% of the total, the two industries will be most kaolin ore nearby procurement, direct application of the lower grade products. 而造纸工业年消耗高岭土20-22万吨，国内仅能满足9万吨左右，其原因主要是因为我国适合用于造纸涂料的软质高岭土矿床较少。And paper industry, kaolin consumption of 20-22 million tonnes, just enough to meet domestic 90,000 tons, The reason is mainly because China is optimized for paper coating soft Kaolin deposits less. 为了改变当前这种状况，需要开展利用煤系高岭土资源，发展煅烧高岭土的生产，以实现我国造纸涂料级高岭土的自给。To change the current situation, the need for the use of kaolin resources for the development of calcined kaolin production, to achieve the level of China's paper coating kaolin self-sufficiency. 煤系高岭土是我国特有的高岭土资源，主要分布在我国北方的华北、东北、西北地区的石炭—二叠纪煤系中。Kaolinite is unique kaolin resources, mainly in the north of China in north China, northeast China, Northwest of the Carboniferous-Permian Coal Measures. 我国从二十世纪八十年代初开始开展煤系煅烧高岭土的工作，而工业化大规模生产始于二十世纪九十年代初，且生产厂家少，规模小。China from the 20th century and early 1980s began calcined kaolin coal, industrialization and mass production began in the early 1990s of the 20th century, and fewer manufacturers and small in scale. 目前，我国生产煅烧土厂家有山西、内蒙、陕西、安徽、江苏、宁夏、新疆及东北地区等约几十家，但能生产优质煅烧高岭土且上规模的厂家仅几家，年产量不足10万吨。At present, China's production of calcined territories manufacturers have Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Xinjiang and the northeastern region and about dozens of homes. But can calcined kaolin production quality and scale of only a few manufacturers, the annual output of less than 10 million tons.
2.1.2市场贸易情况目前，世界高岭土年贸易量约为800万吨，其中80%用于造纸，15%用于陶瓷，其他占5%。2.1.2 of the current trade market, the world trade kaolin, about 800 million tons, 80% for paper and 15% for ceramics, other 5%. 高岭土主要出口国为英国、美国、巴西、中国等。Kaolin major exporting countries of the United Kingdom, the United States, Brazil, China and so on. 英美两国高岭土出口量分别占世界贸易的45%和30%，多年来一直控制着国际市场。Kaolin Britain and the United States export volume accounted for 45% of world trade and 30%, over the years has been in control of the international market. 出口产品主要为剥片土、煅烧土和改性土。Export products mainly Flaking soil, earth and calcined modified soil. 主要进口国是日本、德国、意大利、加拿大、芬兰、法国等。Major importing countries are Japan, Germany, Italy, Canada, Finland and France. 其中日本年进口量约占世界贸易量的16％，是亚洲地区高岭土的最大消费市场，每年进口的高岭土已超过120万吨，大都从美国和巴西进口。Japan, which imports about 16% of world trade, the Asian region kaolin largest consumer market, Kaolin annual imports of more than 1.2 million tons, mostly from the United States and Brazil. 美国到日本的海洋运输费用每吨约100美元。Japan to the United States marine transport costs about 100 U.S. dollars per ton. 我国出口的高岭土多为经过选矿的初级产品（水洗土）或原矿。China's exports of kaolin after most of the processing of primary products (soil water) or ore. 自二十世纪八十年代后期以来，我国高岭土对外出口日益扩大，1995年已上升到44万吨。Since the late 1980s, China's exports of kaolin growing, 1995 has risen to 44 million tons. 主要出口对象是香港（73.5%）、日本(10.6%)、马来西亚(10.6%)、台湾(5.39)%，多为原矿，售价低。Exports were mainly to Hong Kong (73.5%), Japan (10.6%), Malaysia (10.6%), Taiwan (5.39)% more for ore, low prices. 目前我国用于造纸颜料的高岭土等矿物的需要量为70-80万吨/年，由于我国优质高岭土短缺，不得不以进口或以其他矿物颜料替代。China Paper for the kaolin pigments such as mineral requirements of 70-80 million tons / year Due to the shortage of high quality kaolin, have to import or to other mineral pigment instead. 近几年来我国造纸涂料工业进口的煅烧高岭土数量为：1996年3.72万吨、1997年5.43万吨，1998年6.43万吨，1999年10.52万吨，2000年18.7万吨，进口平均价格为360美元/吨。In recent years China's paper coating industry imports of calcined kaolin number : 1996 37200 tons, 1997 54,300 tons in 1998, 64,300 tons in 1999, 105,200 tons, 2000 187,000 tons, the average price of 360 U.S. dollars. / t
2.1.3市场价格高岭土价格因产品的品级和产地而异，随行就市，价差较大。2.1.3 market prices for kaolin products prices and the origin of the grade varies kind, the gap larger. 高岭土价格的总趋势是稳中有升。Kaolin prices overall trend is appreciated steadily. 填料级、陶瓷级价格平稳，涂料级则一直趋涨。Packing class, ceramics class stable prices, paint-it has been rising trend. 英国和美国D.B.K和THIELE高岭土公司各种高岭土价格，见表2-1。Britain and the United States D.B.K and Thiele Kaolin Kaolin prices of various companies, table 2-1.
问题补充：与中国临近的日本、韩国、东南亚国家和香港及台湾地区，由于缺乏高岭土资源，不生产优质高岭土和煅烧高岭土或产量很少，每年要大量从美国、巴西、英国等国家进口优质高岭土（包括精选高岭土和煅烧高岭土）产品。Supplementary question : with China's neighboring countries of Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian countries and Hong Kong and Taiwan regions, the lack of kaolin resources, Kaolin production quality and output of calcined kaolin or small, every year a large number from the United States, Brazil, Britain and other countries import quality kaolin (including best kaolin and calcined kaolin) products. 1998年日本、台湾、南韩、印度尼西亚仅从美国一个国家进口的优质高岭土就分别达到103.794、14.593、11.59、6.846万吨。1998 Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Indonesia only from the United States imported a high-quality kaolin reached 103.794 respectively. 14.593,11.59,6.846 million tons. 加上从巴西等国的进口量，日本每年高岭土的进口总量达120万吨以上。Plus from countries such as Brazil imports, Japan's annual imports of kaolin total of 1.2 million metric tons. 与美国、巴西、英国等国相比，中国与日本、韩国、东南亚等国家和地区距离近，占据地理优势，以每吨不高于35美元的运费到日本，而美国到日本的海洋运输费用每吨约100美元，在价格上就具备了竞争优势，打入日本和东南亚市场是完全可能的。With the United States, Brazil, Britain and other countries than China and Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian countries and regions such as proximity, geography, occupation, per ton to 35 dollars higher freight to Japan, the United States and Japan's marine transport costs about 100 U.S. dollars per ton. the price on a competitive edge, and entering Japan and the Southeast Asian market is entirely possible. 因此，随着我国煅烧高岭土加工技术的进步、产品质量的稳定提高和生产规模的扩大，已开始向日本、韩国、东南亚国家和香港及台湾等周边国家和地区出口优质煅烧高岭土，据估计，2007年出口量将达到7万吨左右，2010年25万吨左右。Therefore, as China's calcined kaolin processing technology, product quality and enhance the stability of the expansion of production scale, have begun to Japan, Korea, Southeast Asian countries and Hong Kong and Taiwan regions and neighboring countries export quality calcined kaolin, It is estimated that the export volume in 2007 will reach 70,000 tons by 2010, 250,000 tons.