Question

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Eight U.S. Corn Belt and four adapted exotic populations
were included (Table 1). Heterotic patterns are known within U.S.
Corn Belt and exotic maize populations, but information is limited
for crosses between domestic and adapted exotic populations.
All populations have been under recurrent selection, but the extent
of selection was not equal among populations. Initially, mass
selection was used to select for earlier flowering dates in the four
exotic populations, followed by recurrent selection for greater
grain yield, earlier maturity, and improved root and stalk strength.
Design II population crosses were produced during the 2001
summer season. The 12 populations were categorized by previous
heterotic patterns into either the BSSS or the non-BSSS
groups (Table 1). Four sets of paired rows of each of the 35 population
crosses (seven BSSS populations crossed to the five non-
BSSS populations) were sown in the breeding nursery. Hand pollinations
were made to both parents to develop a reciprocal set
of crosses for each set of paired rows. A plant was not used
more than twice as a pollen parent. Reciprocal pollinations of
each cross represented a distinct entry for total number of 70
crosses. Twenty cross-pollinated ears were harvested from each
row and combined with the other three rows for a total of 80
ears for each of the reciprocal crosses for each four-paired row
set. The reciprocal crosses were harvested, dried to 14.5% grain
moisture, and shelled. The 80 cross-pollinated ears were shelled
in bulk, thoroughly mixed, and a bulk sample of seed was taken
to represent each of the 70 entries.
The 70 population crosses, the 12 parent populations, six
original source populations (C0s) of the U.S. Corn Belt populations,
four proprietary hybrids included as checks, and eight other
unrelated populations were evaluated for agronomic performance
in 2002. The experiment was conducted at seven Iowa locations
(Ames, Ankeny, Crawfordsville, Lewis, Carroll, Rippey,
and Mt. Pleasant) with three replications at each location. Each
plot included two rows, 5.45 m long with 0.75 m between rows.
Plots were overplanted with 72 seeds per plot and later thinned
at the 5- to 7-leaf stage to 50 plants per plot for a final stand of
59,798 plants ha-1. Planting dates among locations ranged from
last week of April to first week of May. Conventional fertilization
and weed control practices recommended for optimum maize
production were used at all locations. Plots were planted and
harvested with field equipment adapted for small experimental
plots. Weather conditions were generally favorable at 6 of 7 locations
for above average grain yields. Local rains accompanied by
high winds occurred at most locations at flowering time; consequently,
root lodging was greater than normal at most locations.

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