高分求英语翻译一篇大摘要，泪奔跪求，明天要用啊！！~~ 20
专业学位是随着现代科技与社会的快速发展，针对社会特定职业领域的需要，培养具有较强的专业能力和职业素质、能够创造性地从事实际工作的高层次应用型专门人才而设置的一种学位类型。...
专业学位是随着现代科技与社会的快速发展，针对社会特定职业领域的需要，培养具有较强的专业能力和职业素质、能够创造性地从事实际工作的高层次应用型专门人才而设置的一种学位类型。我国工程硕士专业学位正式设置于1997年，明确要求与工程师任职资格相联系。经过十余年的发展，为社会培养了大批高层次应用型人才，在人才选拔、进校不离岗的培养模式和双导师制等方面都积累了丰富的成功经验，但也存在着与工学研究生培养模式同化、弱化工程硕士学位标准、培养质量不高、社会声誉不高等问题，其中突出的就是一直未能解决与工程师任职资格联系的问题。由于过去工程硕士多数为企业定向培养，不存在就业问题，所以与职业任职资格相联系的问题并没有被过多的重视，但2009年后国家大力调整研究生类型结构，开始全面招收全日制工程硕士。新形势下，全日制工程硕士面临着社会认可度不高、生源数量不足、质量不高、社会担心质量、学生担心就业等问题。因而，在这种背景下，建立工程硕士与职业资格认证的衔接，将充分体现专业学位“特定职业指向性”和“职业性与学术性高度统一”的特点，引导工程硕士研究生教育培养模式的全面改革与完善，从而提高全日制工程硕士的社会认可度和就业竞争力。
为此，本文的研究对象为我国工程硕士研究生教育和职业资格认证衔接所涉及的各主体及各自在职业资格认证过程中的作用和相互的运行管理模式，研究目标为构建出工程硕士专业学位与职业资格认证的衔接体系，通过以职业为导向改革工程硕士的培养过程，完成工程硕士从学生到工程师的转变。。本文主要思路为通过研究我国专业学位和职业资格认证的相关概念和理论依据以及国外专业学位与职业资格认证衔接的形势和内容，提出我国工程硕士与职业资格认证衔接存在的问题主要有：工程硕士培养模式与工学硕士培养模式区分不清、工程硕士培养目标不够明确、校企联系不够紧密等问题。之后，又对通过对项目管理领域工程硕士与国外行业协会衔接案例、我国建筑学专业学位与注册建筑师衔接案例、工程硕士（部分领域）与高级注册设备监理工程师衔接案例、英国工程技术学会与中国工程领域衔接案例进行了调研访谈。通过对以上四个案例进行分析总结出政府、行业协会、高校在工程硕士与职业资格认证衔接中的重要作用，分别为：政府起着明确政策、加强协调监督的作用；行业协会起着保障、监督和指导的作用；高校则需要转变观念，积极探索和改革，以此来保证衔接的顺利进行。最后，在之前各章全面分析的基础之上提出实现工程硕士专业学位与职业资格认证衔接在宏观上需要国家完善法规政策建立完善的互认衔接体系，在微观上以职业为导向对工程硕士培养的各个环节进行相应的调整改革：在组织管理高校要设立专门的领导机构；在课程体系上要以工程问题为导向，与未来职业相互衔接；在教学内容上要注重新知识、新技术的融入，与职业资格要求的知识点相互覆盖；在实践环节上要给予重视，强调动手能力的培养提高工程硕士解决实际问题的能力；在考核标准上要与对应工程领域职业准入标准相互渗透等。
本论文来源于全国工程硕士研究生教育指导委员会2009年-2010年重点课题《职业资格认证体系中各类管理主体的角色定位》和《职业资格认证有关概念和法律政策研究》。通过课题的研究，发现虽然对于专业学位研究生教育与职业资格认证衔接我国学者已经提出了一些初步的想法，但是并不够深入，尤其对于工程硕士专业学位教育与职业资格认证衔接机制的深入研究更是不多见。 展开
为此，本文的研究对象为我国工程硕士研究生教育和职业资格认证衔接所涉及的各主体及各自在职业资格认证过程中的作用和相互的运行管理模式，研究目标为构建出工程硕士专业学位与职业资格认证的衔接体系，通过以职业为导向改革工程硕士的培养过程，完成工程硕士从学生到工程师的转变。。本文主要思路为通过研究我国专业学位和职业资格认证的相关概念和理论依据以及国外专业学位与职业资格认证衔接的形势和内容，提出我国工程硕士与职业资格认证衔接存在的问题主要有：工程硕士培养模式与工学硕士培养模式区分不清、工程硕士培养目标不够明确、校企联系不够紧密等问题。之后，又对通过对项目管理领域工程硕士与国外行业协会衔接案例、我国建筑学专业学位与注册建筑师衔接案例、工程硕士（部分领域）与高级注册设备监理工程师衔接案例、英国工程技术学会与中国工程领域衔接案例进行了调研访谈。通过对以上四个案例进行分析总结出政府、行业协会、高校在工程硕士与职业资格认证衔接中的重要作用，分别为：政府起着明确政策、加强协调监督的作用；行业协会起着保障、监督和指导的作用；高校则需要转变观念，积极探索和改革，以此来保证衔接的顺利进行。最后，在之前各章全面分析的基础之上提出实现工程硕士专业学位与职业资格认证衔接在宏观上需要国家完善法规政策建立完善的互认衔接体系，在微观上以职业为导向对工程硕士培养的各个环节进行相应的调整改革：在组织管理高校要设立专门的领导机构；在课程体系上要以工程问题为导向，与未来职业相互衔接；在教学内容上要注重新知识、新技术的融入，与职业资格要求的知识点相互覆盖；在实践环节上要给予重视，强调动手能力的培养提高工程硕士解决实际问题的能力；在考核标准上要与对应工程领域职业准入标准相互渗透等。
本论文来源于全国工程硕士研究生教育指导委员会2009年-2010年重点课题《职业资格认证体系中各类管理主体的角色定位》和《职业资格认证有关概念和法律政策研究》。通过课题的研究，发现虽然对于专业学位研究生教育与职业资格认证衔接我国学者已经提出了一些初步的想法，但是并不够深入，尤其对于工程硕士专业学位教育与职业资格认证衔接机制的深入研究更是不多见。 展开
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Professional degree is with modern technology and society of rapid development, according to the needs of specific profession society, to develop a strong professional ability and professional quality, can creatively engaged in practical work of the high-level professionals and setting a degree types. Master degree in engineering formal Settings in 1997, clear requirements associated with engineers qualifications. After more than 10 years development, for the society raises large quantities of high-level talents, in selecting talents, the school doesn't leave education models and double following aspects are accumulated a wealth of successful experience, but there is also and graduate engineering training mode assimilation, weakening engineering, and the degree of standards and training quality is not high, social reputation are not high, including prominent is always with engineers failed to resolve the problems qualifications as a contact. Because of the past project master most for enterprise directional training, employment problem, so do not exist with vocational qualifications related problems and has not been too much attention, but the 2009 national energetical adjustment type structure, start comprehensive graduate recruit full-time master's degree in engineering. The new situation, full-time project master facing social approval is not high, the students' shortage, quality is not high, social worry about quality, students worry about employment, etc. Therefore, in this context, establish master's degree in engineering and professional qualification authentication of cohesion, will fully embody professional degrees of "certain professional directivity" and "professional and academic" characteristics of unification, guide engineering graduate student education training mode to reform and perfect the comprehensive full-time project master, so as to improve the social approval and employment competitive.
Therefore, this paper the research object of education for Chinese engineering graduate student and professional qualification certification cohesion involved in every subject and their professional qualification certification process function and mutual mode of operation and management, research objective for the master degree of engineering construct with professional qualification authentication of cohesion system through to professional oriented reform project master process of training, complete the project master from students to engineer transformation.. This paper main ideas for through studies our country professional degrees and professional qualification authentication related concepts and theoretical basis and foreign professional degrees and professional qualification authentication cohesion situation and content, puts forward the master's degree in engineering and professional qualification authentication cohesion problems mainly has: the project master training mode and the master training mode distinguish not clear, master's degree in engineering training target is vague, problems such as school-enterprise contact close enough. Later, and through to the project management field engineering with foreign trade association cohesion master degree in architecture speciality, our case and registered architect cohesion case, master's degree in engineering (partial areas) and senior registered equipment supervision engineer cohesion case, British engineering society and Chinese engineering field cohesion case investigation, interview. Through the analysis of the above four cases summed up the government, industry associations, colleges and universities in the master's degree in engineering and professional qualification authentication, the importance of cohesion, respectively, the government plays a clear policy, the role of strengthening coordination and supervision; Industry association plays security, supervise and guide the action; University requires changing ideas, actively explore and reform to ensure cohesion smoothly. Finally, in previous chapters based on comprehensive analysis proposed realize the master degree of engineering with professional qualification authentication cohesion in macro regulation and policy need country perfect set up perfect mutual recognition system, in the microscopic goes on vocational training for orientation on the project master every link of accordingly reform: in organizational management universities to set up special leading agency; The curriculum system in to engineering problems as the guidance, and future career connected; In teaching content, should notice to new knowledge and new technology into the professional qualification requirements, and knowledge covering each other; In practice link to pay much attention to emphasize beginning ability raising the project master the ability to solve practical problems; In the inspection standard and its corresponding engineering field to professional standards for admittance into mutual infiltration, etc.
This paper from the national engineering graduate student education committee 2009-2010 key task "occupational qualification certification system in various management subject role localization" and "the professional qualification authentication related concepts and legal policy research". Through the topic research and found that although graduate education and professional degree for professional qualification certification cohesion Chinese scholars has raised some preliminary idea, but and in-depth, especially for the master degree of engineering education and professional qualification authentication cohesive mechanism of thorough research is rare.
Therefore, this paper the research object of education for Chinese engineering graduate student and professional qualification certification cohesion involved in every subject and their professional qualification certification process function and mutual mode of operation and management, research objective for the master degree of engineering construct with professional qualification authentication of cohesion system through to professional oriented reform project master process of training, complete the project master from students to engineer transformation.. This paper main ideas for through studies our country professional degrees and professional qualification authentication related concepts and theoretical basis and foreign professional degrees and professional qualification authentication cohesion situation and content, puts forward the master's degree in engineering and professional qualification authentication cohesion problems mainly has: the project master training mode and the master training mode distinguish not clear, master's degree in engineering training target is vague, problems such as school-enterprise contact close enough. Later, and through to the project management field engineering with foreign trade association cohesion master degree in architecture speciality, our case and registered architect cohesion case, master's degree in engineering (partial areas) and senior registered equipment supervision engineer cohesion case, British engineering society and Chinese engineering field cohesion case investigation, interview. Through the analysis of the above four cases summed up the government, industry associations, colleges and universities in the master's degree in engineering and professional qualification authentication, the importance of cohesion, respectively, the government plays a clear policy, the role of strengthening coordination and supervision; Industry association plays security, supervise and guide the action; University requires changing ideas, actively explore and reform to ensure cohesion smoothly. Finally, in previous chapters based on comprehensive analysis proposed realize the master degree of engineering with professional qualification authentication cohesion in macro regulation and policy need country perfect set up perfect mutual recognition system, in the microscopic goes on vocational training for orientation on the project master every link of accordingly reform: in organizational management universities to set up special leading agency; The curriculum system in to engineering problems as the guidance, and future career connected; In teaching content, should notice to new knowledge and new technology into the professional qualification requirements, and knowledge covering each other; In practice link to pay much attention to emphasize beginning ability raising the project master the ability to solve practical problems; In the inspection standard and its corresponding engineering field to professional standards for admittance into mutual infiltration, etc.
This paper from the national engineering graduate student education committee 2009-2010 key task "occupational qualification certification system in various management subject role localization" and "the professional qualification authentication related concepts and legal policy research". Through the topic research and found that although graduate education and professional degree for professional qualification certification cohesion Chinese scholars has raised some preliminary idea, but and in-depth, especially for the master degree of engineering education and professional qualification authentication cohesive mechanism of thorough research is rare.
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