Question

英语高手帮我翻译下面的一段 因为我还要翻译成日语 所以希望准确一些 ， 不要翻译器翻译的 谢谢

The Nature of Light

In general, optical phenomena can be considered from three different points of

view. Geometric is the straightforward view that is the easiest to visualize,

interpreting light in the form of rays, and describes the rules that determine how

light propagates and how optical images are formed. However, it does not

describe the interaction of light and matter. In wave optics light is interpreted

as periodic oscillations of electric and magnetic fields in time and space(Figure

2.1). Building on this concept as first described by Faraday (1831), in 1864 the

English physicist James Clark Maxwell formulated the basic equations of

electrodynamics, which “reveal the structure of the electromagnetic(light)fields”

(Albert Einstein). In many respects light waves are comparable to mechanical

waves in liquids, although this analogy has its limit. However, only in this

consideration are the phenomena such as refraction, reflection, interference and

polarization “understandable”. In the third point of view, via quantum optics, light

is described as a stream of mass-less particles, known as “photons”. It is only the

quantum optical interpretation that is capable of describing light absorption and

emission as the foundations of optical spectroscopy.

Answer 1

The Nature of Light

光的本质

In general, optical phenomena can be considered from three different points of view.
一般来说，光学现象可以从3个不同的方面来考虑。

Geometric is the straightforward view that is the easiest to visualize,
interpreting light in the form of rays, and describes the rules that determine how light propagates and how optical images are formed.
几何是最直观也是最容易构想出来的方面，几何学阐释了光作为辐射的形式，并描画了光如何传播以及影像如何形成的规则。

However, it does not describe the interaction of light and matter.
然而，这个角度没有描画出光与物质之间的相互作用。

In wave optics light is interpreted as periodic oscillations of electric and magnetic fields in time and space(Figure 2.1).
在波动光学中，光被解释成是时间与空间中电场和磁场的周期震荡（图2.1）

Building on this concept as first described by Faraday (1831), in 1864 the
English physicist James Clark Maxwell formulated the basic equations of
electrodynamics, which “reveal the structure of the electromagnetic(light)fields” (Albert Einstein).
法拉第首先提出了这个概念，在此基础上，英国物理学家詹姆斯*克拉克*麦克斯维尔得出了电气动力学的基本公式，从而“揭示了电磁（光）场的结构”（阿尔伯特爱因斯坦）

In many respects light waves are comparable to mechanical
waves in liquids, although this analogy has its limit.
尽管这个类比有其局限性，但在很多方面光波与液体中的机械波有相似之处。

However, only in this consideration are the phenomena such as refraction,reflection, interference and polarization “understandable”.
然而，只有这样考虑，某些现象比如散射，反射，干涉以及极化才变得可理解。

In the third point of view, via quantum optics, light is described as a stream of mass-less particles, known as “photons”.
在第三种观点，即量子光学中，光被描述为无质量粒子流，又称“光子”。

It is only the quantum optical interpretation that is capable of describing light absorption and emission as the foundations of optical spectroscopy.
只有光量子干涉可以描画光的吸收与释放，而这两者是光谱学的基础。

Answer 2

光的性质

总的来说，光学现象可以从三个不同的观点来考虑。从几何学来讲，就是最易显象。几何学从射线的组成来解释和描述决定光线传播和光学图像组成的规则。然而它没有描述光线和物质之间的交互作用。从波动光学来讲，光线被解释为在时间和空间中，电流和磁场的周期振荡（图2.1)。在这条最早由法拉弟（Faraday）于1831年提出的概念基础上，英国物理学家詹姆斯·克拉克·马克斯威尔（James Clark Maxwell）于1864年列出了电气力学的基底方程，艾伯特·爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）评说这个方程“揭示了电磁（光）场的构成”。在很多方面，光波被用来与液体的机械波相提并论，尽管这种类比有它的局限性，可是只有在这种考虑下，诸如折射、反射、干扰和偏振的现象才“可理解”。第三个观点是通过量子光学来讲的，光线被描述为无质量的粒子束，也就是广为人知的“光子”。唯有量子光学的解释方能描述基于光谱学的光线吸收和散发。