Question

求英译中 急急急

产学研合作视角下建筑业工法开发模式研究
摘要：随着结构新颖、工艺复杂、施工难度大的现代建筑不断出现，工法越来越被施工企业所重视和研创。本文首先从国外建筑业创新情况分析了工法创新在建筑业技术创新中的重要地位；其次，基于1992~2008年的国家级工法数据，分析了我国国家级工法在工程领域、开发模式和地域分布方面的特点；第三，从建筑业技术创新项目中涉及的需求视角，阐明了客户和制造商是工法创新的主要驱动源泉；最后，从建筑企业、制造企业和大专院校、科研单位在工法开发联合体中是否充当系统集成者角色，提出了企业主导型、政府主导型和学研主导型的工法创新产学研模式。
关键词：建筑业 工法开发 需求链 产学研合作
随着现代化和城市化进程的加快，先进建筑设计理念的不断引进，结构新颖、工艺复杂、工法多变、施工难度大的建筑产品不断涌现。例如，三峡工程、西气东送、南水北调、青藏铁路、各类跨海大桥、奥运场馆、北京银泰、上海环球大厦等。规划设计理念及技术方法的创新性，施工安全性、可靠性及稳定性，不仅对设计单位提出了新要求，尤其对施工承包商的规范化施工及技术创新提出了新的课题。
业主需求的不断变化，工程设计的不断丰富，以及国内建筑市场竞争压力的增加，也带来了建筑企业采纳先进施工技术的动力。在施工组织过程中，不仅有边设计、边拆迁、边施工的施工组织管理及技术经济的矛盾，也有前期工程、交叉施工、维护社会稳定及协调等方面的干扰及影响，还有不明地质环境、不确定因素、安全风险高的不利因素，这些问题都需要依赖工法创新来克服。因此，施工工法在施工技术创新中扮演非常重要的角色，受到越来越多的关注。

Answer 1

产学研合作视角下建筑业工法开发模式研究
Cooperative Development Perspective Model of Construction Workers Act

摘要：随着结构新颖、工艺复杂、施工难度大的现代建筑不断出现，工法越来越被施工企业所重视和研创。本文首先从国外建筑业创新情况分析了工法创新在建筑业技术创新中的重要地位；其次，基于1992~2008年的国家级工法数据，分析了我国国家级工法在工程领域、开发模式和地域分布方面的特点；第三，从建筑业技术创新项目中涉及的需求视角，阐明了客户和制造商是工法创新的主要驱动源泉；最后，从建筑企业、制造企业和大专院校、科研单位在工法开发联合体中是否充当系统集成者角色，提出了企业主导型、政府主导型和学研主导型的工法创新产学研模式。
Abstract: With the novel structure, process complexity, difficulty in construction of modern buildings continue to emerge, working methods more and more attention to construction companies and research innovation. This article first innovation in the construction industry from abroad, the engineering methods of technological innovation in the construction industry in innovation and the important position; Secondly, based on 1992 national construction method for 2008 data, analysis of our national workers in the engineering field, the development pattern and geographical distribution regard to the character; third, from construction projects involving technological innovation demand perspective, clarifying the customer and manufacturer of innovative construction method is the main driving source; Finally, from construction companies, manufacturers and universities, research units in the construction method whether the development of the Commonwealth of the role as system integrator, proposed business-oriented, government-led and academic research-oriented work method of innovation production and research model.

关键词Key words: Construction workers demand chain Cooperative method development

随着现代化和城市化进程的加快，先进建筑设计理念的不断引进，结构新颖、工艺复杂、工法多变、施工难度大的建筑产品不断涌现。例如，三峡工程、西气东送、南水北调、青藏铁路、各类跨海大桥、奥运场馆、北京银泰、上海环球大厦等。规划设计理念及技术方法的创新性，施工安全性、可靠性及稳定性，不仅对设计单位提出了新要求，尤其对施工承包商的规范化施工及技术创新提出了新的课题。
With the modernization and urbanization process accelerated, advanced building design concept of the introduction of novel structure, process complexity, changing construction methods, construction difficulties in the building products continue to emerge. For example, the Three Gorges Project, the West East Gas, water, railway, bridge types, the Olympic venues, Beijing Yin Tai, Shanghai Universal Mansion and so on. Planning and design concepts and innovative techniques and methods, construction safety, reliability and stability, not only the design units proposed new requirements, particularly the standardization of construction contractor proposed construction and technical innovation of new issues.

业主需求的不断变化，工程设计的不断丰富，以及国内建筑市场竞争压力的增加，也带来了建筑企业采纳先进施工技术的动力。在施工组织过程中，不仅有边设计、边拆迁、边施工的施工组织管理及技术经济的矛盾，也有前期工程、交叉施工、维护社会稳定及协调等方面的干扰及影响，还有不明地质环境、不确定因素、安全风险高的不利因素，这些问题都需要依赖工法创新来克服。因此，施工工法在施工技术创新中扮演非常重要的角色，受到越来越多的关注。
The changing needs of owners, engineering design continuously enriched, and the domestic construction market, increasing competition has also brought a construction enterprises to adopt advanced construction technology of power. Organizations in the construction process, not only edge design, while the demolition, the construction organization and management side of construction and technical and economic contradictions, but also pre-engineering, cross-construction, maintenance and coordination of social stability and other aspects of interference and influence, as well as geological environment unknown and uncertain factors, the negative factors of high security risks, which need to rely on innovative construction methods to overcome. Therefore, the construction and technical innovation in the construction of a very important role played by more and more attention.