Question

祈使句的用法和注意点

英语中的动名词做主语和祈使句有点混淆：
比如开头"___(Read) is helpful"是不是应该要用Reading?
一些句子开头的动词不知道是用原形还是动名词。有哪些技巧？还有那些注意的用法？

Answer 1

1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?

19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20)must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词 肯定含义

ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语
must 根据实际情况而定
感叹句中 be +主语
Neither…nor, either…or 根据其实际逻辑意义而定
指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this 主语用it
并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语
省去主语的祈使句 will you？
Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）

祈使句谓语用何动词形式
否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式
祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，但往往省去不用。同学们在学习祈使句时应注意以下几点：

英语祈使句的谓语总是用动词原形。如：

Be quiet! 别说话!

Come earlier next time. 下次早点来。

Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。

Go and tell her. 去告诉她吧。

注：有时为了加强语气，可在动词前加do。如：

Do be careful. 务请小心。

Do come on time. 务必请准时来。

肯定祈使句如何变成否定祈使句
祈使句否定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加don’t：

Don’t be late. 不要迟到。

Don’t speak so loud. 别这么大声说话。

Don’t walk on the grass. 不要在草坪上走。

Don’t lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。

Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。

与please连用以使语气委婉
为使语气委婉，通常将祈使句与please连用。Please可用于祈使句的句首(其后通常不用逗号)或句末(其前通常用逗号)。如：

Please don’t get angry. 请不要生气。

Please drive more slowly. 请开得慢一点。

Please cut me a piece of cake. 请给我切一块蛋糕。

Please try to be quiet. 请设法保持安静。

Please repeat what you’ve just said. 请把你刚才说的话重复一遍。

关于以let开头的祈使句
Let’s eat out tonight. 我们今晚出去吃饭吧。

Let me have a try. 我来试一试。

Let me show you how to do it. 我来告诉你怎样做。

Let every man do his best. 让每个人人尽其才。

Let the meat cook slowly. 把肉用慢火炖。

注意：

1. 这类祈使句的否定式有两种形式。如：

Let’s not hurry. / Don’t let’s hurry. 我们不要太急。

2. let后用作宾语补足语的动词要用原形，不能用带to的不定式

祈使句的反意疑问句形式
1. 在通常情况下，若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you等。如：

Turn on the TV, will you? 把电视打开，好吗?

Tell me the truth, won’t you? 告诉我实话，好吗?

If you want help, let me know, would you? 如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗?

注：若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用will you。如：

Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。

2. 若陈述部分为以 let开头的祈使句，则要分两种情况：

(1) 表示请求时，用will you?

Let me do it for you, will you? 让我替你做，好吗？

Let us know your address, will you? 把你的地址告诉我们吧，好吗?

(2) 表示建议时，用shall we?

Let’s go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?

Let’s all sit under this tree, shall we? 咱们都坐在这棵树下，好不好

Answer 2

,,,这个不是祈使句，，这个是动名词做主语 你的答案是正确的是用READING.。。因为是动名词做主语啊，所以就应该用动名词 明白了么？

欢迎提问。希望采纳。

Answer 3

1. 祈使句的概念
表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形，不能用其他形式。如：
Shut the door! 把门关上!
Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧!
Let them go by train. 叫他们坐火车去吧。
祈使句的主语通常为第二人称(you)，但一般都被省略，只有在特殊的情况下才把主语(you)补充出来。如：
You be quiet! 你安静!
You go and tell him, Chris. 克立斯，你去告诉他。
You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。
有时祈使句的主语也可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词。如：
Stand up, everybody! 全体起立!
Nobody move. 任何人都不许动。
2. 祈使句表示强调
为了加强祈使句的语气，我们通常是在祈使句的动词原形前加上助动词do，此时通常译为“一定”“务必”等。如：
Do be careful. 务必要小心。
Do have some more tea. 一定再喝点茶。
Do let me go. 一定让我去。
副词never和always有时可用于祈使句句首，表示强调。如：
Never do that again. 再不要这样做了。
Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。
3. 祈使句的否定式
构成祈使句否定式的方法很简单，那就是在动词原形前加don’t——不管祈使句所用的动词为什么性质动词，情况都是一样。如：
Open the window. 把窗户打开。
→Don’t open the window. 别把窗户打开。
Come next Monday. 下周星期一来。
→Don’t come next Monday. 下周星期一别来。
对于以let us或let’s开头的祈使句，其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一个not。如：
Let’s tell him the truth. 我们把实情告诉他吧。
→Let’s not tell him the truth. 我们不要把实情告诉他。
但在日常口语中，我们也可以把don’t放在let’s之前。如：
Let’s don’t tell him the truth. 我们不要把实情告诉他)

Answer 4

祈使句是用动词原形开头：Go home and finish your homework.“祈使”带有“命令”的意思。
动名词做主语，是动词的一种名词用法（因为主语是名词），Doing exercise is good for you.谓语动词是单数这个要注意
to do 不定式用法比较多，通常是接在已有谓语之后，I come to help you.中come已经是谓语了，一个句子不能有两个谓语，所以就用to help。 但是，在I come and help you.中呢come 和 help 是两个并列的谓语。
动名词做主语的句子肯定不属于祈使句。但“No+动名词”可以用来表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用来表示，如
No smoking.禁止吸烟。
No parking.禁止停车。
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形（表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示）。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调，多为第二人称祈使句。如：
Hurry！赶快！
Wait！等一等！
Stop！停止！
在构成否定式时，要在动词之前加上do not/don’t：
Don’t hurry！不要太急！
let us,let's,let him/her/them/it+不带to的不定式则分别是第一人称与第三人称的祈使句，如：
Let us stand together in this emergency．
在这紧急关头，让我们团结一致。
Let them go by train．
叫他们坐火车去吧。