Question

帅哥美女们好，帮帮忙，帮我翻译一下这篇文章呗（1，2）

贷款担保公司如何缓解中小企业融资难

近几年来，为解决中小企业融资难，各地均建立了贷款担保机构。为了解这些贷款担保机构业务发展情况，中国人民银行统计司贷款担保调查小组最近在全国范围内进行了一次调查。调查表明，贷款担保公司为解决中小企业融资难起了一定的积极作用，但自身还存在一些局限性，建议采取有关措施加以改进。
贷款担保公司缓解中小企业融资困难
我国中小企业信用担保实践始于1992年，在经历了1999年由各级政府推动的规范试点阶段和2000年的体系完善阶段后，目前我国服务于中小企业融资的贷款担保机构已初具规模。政府出资和参与出资的贷款担保机构占了70％以上，政府在改善中小企业融资环境和推进贷款担保机构的建立方面起了积极的作用。
中小企业融资难最大问题是贷款抵押担保难。银行为规避风险，一般要求贷款企业提供抵押担保，但中小企业尤其是小企业很难找到符合银行要求的抵押物或担保单位。贷款担保机构从解决中小企业特别是小企业贷款抵押担保难入手，通过工商、税收、同行等调查，把握需担保企业法人代表的商业道德；对贷款审批金额设定不同权限；根据不同的情况采取不同的反担保措施等，建立防范风险的屏障，另外还主动为企业沟通办理抵押等所需证件的渠道，尤其是一些由政府出资或参与出资的担保机构利用其与各部门打交道的便利，帮助企业办理抵押证件并承担企业的担保责任，在一定程度上缓解了部分有市场、有效益和有发展前景的中小企业贷款难的问题，又在降低了与贷款担保公司协作的商业银行的风险的同时减少了银行精力的投入，扩大了银行贷款。
通过"担保机构提供担保--银行贷款--企业生产、发展"这样一个良性循环，担保机构的存在助推了中小企业的成长，加快了企业发展步伐。
贷款担保机构解决中小企业融资难存在局限性
由于贷款担保行业管理的真空、自身规模及管理的局限等方面的问题，我国贷款担保机构目前在解决中小企业融资难方面的作用是有限的。
一是贷款担保机构分布数量有限，难以满足众多融资难的中小企业的需求。目前我国为中小企业融资服务的贷款担保机构提供担保的中小企业户数仅为中小企业总数的13％左右，难以满足为数众多的中小企业的需求。
二是贷款担保机构的资金规模及业务量有限。当前贷款担保机构的可运用资金规模不大，累计担保责任仅为可运用担保资金总额的2.5倍左右，在保责任余额为可运用资金总额的1.3倍左右，没有起到应有的放大作用。世界各国担保机构运作的通行作法是，担保资金的放大倍数一般在10倍左右。
三是贷款担保机构的业务品种有限，难以满足中小企业的各类资金需求。据调查，有近55％的贷款担保机构对企业只提供流动资金贷款担保，既提供流动资金贷款担保又提供其他形式贷款担保的机构不到40％，中小企业的中长期资金需求仍然得不到满足。从国际上担保机构的担保贷款期限看，多数国家都对中小企业的长期银行贷款提供担保，担保期限较长，一般都在2年以上，最长的美国（17年），最短的中国（一般为3个月至半年，最长也在1年以内）。

四是贷款担保机构的风险防范方式局限了其解决中小企业融资难的作用。据调查，60％以上的贷款担保机构提供有抵押或质押的贷款担保服务，有25％以上的贷款担保机构只提供有抵押的贷款担保服务，还有23％的贷款担保公司要求有第三方互保才提供担保服务，仅20％左右的担保机构提供信用担保服务。大部分担保公司还没有提供完全意义的信用担保。

Answer 1

In recent years, in order to address the SME financing, all localities have established a loan guarantee agency. To understand these loan guarantee agency business development, Statistics Division of the People's Bank of China loan guarantees in the investigation group has recently conducted a nationwide survey. Investigation showed that the company secured loans for SME financing solutions with a positive role, But there are also a number of their own limitations, suggest measures to improve the environment. Loan Guarantee Corporation ease difficulties in financing SMEs SME Credit Guarantee practice began in 1992. In the wake of the 1999 levels by the government to promote and standardize the pilot phase of the system in 2000 after the perfect stage, At present, China's service to SME financing loan guarantee institutions have begun to take shape. And participation in government-funded loan guarantees funded institutions accounted for 70%, government to improve SME financing environment and the promotion of loan guarantee agencies to establish played a positive role. SME financing biggest problem is collateral for a loan difficult. Banks to avoid risks and generally require enterprises to provide loans secured However, SMEs in particular, small businesses find difficult to meet the requirements of the bank collateral or security units. Loan guarantee agencies from helping SMEs in particular small business loans secured difficult start, industrial and commercial, taxation, peer, and other investigations, security enterprises need to grasp the legal representative of business ethics; approval of the loan amount set different authority; Under different circumstances with different anti-security measures, the establishment of risk prevention barriers, It is also offered to corporate communication for mortgages and other documents required for the channel In particular, some funded by the government or participate in financing the security agencies to use its various departments dealing with the convenience help enterprises mortgage documents for enterprises and assume security responsibility, to a certain extent eased some markets, effective and prospects for development of the SME loan to the problem. Also lowering the loan guarantee company with the cooperation of the commercial banks to reduce the risk of the banking and energy inputs, expansion of bank loans. Through "security agencies to provide security -- bank loans -- production, and development" of such a virtuous circle guarantee the existence of boosting the growth of small and medium enterprises, accelerate the pace of development of enterprises. Loan guarantee agencies to solve SME financing difficulties due to the limitations of the secured loan business management vacuum and the management of their own size limitations, and other issues, My loan guarantee agencies in addressing the SME financing difficulties of the role is limited. First, the distribution of loans secured a limited number of institutions that it is difficult to meet many of the financing needs of SMEs. China SME financing services for the loan guarantee agency to provide security for SMEs households only the total number of SMEs about 13%, to meet the large number of SME needs. Second loan guarantee agencies and the scale of operations is limited. Current loan guarantee agencies may use the funds in size, total responsibility for security guarantees can be used only of the total 2.5 times, responsibilities for the balance of the total available funds of about 1.3 times, failed to play its due role to enlarge. World security agencies operating practices, the funds secured magnification generally about 10 times. 3 is that the loan guarantee agencies operating varieties limited that it is difficult to meet the various SME funding needs. According to the survey, nearly 55% of the loan guarantee agencies to provide liquidity enterprises only loan guarantees, providing liquidity loan guarantees also provide other forms of secured lending institutions less than 40%. SMEs in the medium and long term funding needs are still unmet. From international security agencies secured loan period, the majority of countries for SMEs to provide long-term bank loan guarantees secured a longer period, usually in two years, the longest of the United States (17), China shortest (usually three to six months, is the longest one year). 4 loan is secured to prevent the risk of its limited means to solve SME financing role. According to the survey, 60% of the loan guarantee agency to provide mortgage or pledge of loan guarantee services, 25% of the loan guarantee agencies only provide a secured loan guarantees, There were 23% of the loan guarantees companies ask a third party to provide security only mutual insurance services, only 20% of the credit guarantee institutions to provide security services. Most of the security company also failed to provide the full significance of a credit guarantee.

Answer 2

自己翻译吧 太多了

Answer 3

yes,at least 200 paid.

Answer 4

How does the loan bonding company alleviate mid- and small-scaleenterprise to finance difficultly
In the last few years, finances difficultly for the solution mid- andsmall-scale enterprise, each place has established the loan guaranteeorganization. In order to understand these loan guarantee organizationservice development situations, the People's Bank of China counted thedepartment loan guarantee investigation group recently to carry on aninvestigation in the national scope. The investigation indicated that,the loan bonding company financed difficultly for the solution mid-and small-scale enterprise to get up the certain positive role, butoneself also had some limitations, suggested took the related measureto perform to improve.
The loan bonding company alleviates mid- and small-scale enterprisethe financing difficulty
Mid- and small-scale enterprise our country credit guarantee practicebeginning in 1992, in has experienced in 1999 the standard experimentsite stage which impels after all levels of governments and 2000system perfect stage, at present our country serves to mid- andsmall-scale enterprise the financing loan guarantee organization hasbegun to take shape. The government invested and participates in theinvestment the loan guarantee organization to account for above 70%,the government financing environment and the advancement loanguarantee organization establishment aspect played the positive rolein the improvement mid- and small-scale enterprise.
The enterprise small business very is in particular difficult to findconforms to the bank request mortgage or the guarantee unit. The loanguarantee organization specially is the small business loan mortgageguarantees difficultly from the solution mid- and small-scaleenterprise to obtain, through investigation and so on industry andcommerce, tax revenue, colleague, the assurance must guarantee theenterprise legal person representative's business ethics; To loanexamination and approval amount hypothesis different jurisdiction;Takes the different counter- guarantee measure according to thedifferent situation and so on, establishes the guard risk the barrier,moreover also on own initiative links up for the enterprise handlesthe mortgage and so on to need the credential the channel, inparticular some or participate in the investment by the governmentinvestment the guarantee organization to use its and variousdepartments has the social dealings the convenience, helps theenterprise to handle the mortgage certificate and to undertakeenterprise's obligation of warranty, alleviated in the certain degreepartially had the market, has the benefit and has the prospects fordevelopment mid- and small-scale enterprise the loan difficultquestion, also was reducing commercial bank's risk which cooperatedwith the loan bonding company simultaneously to reduce the bank energyinvestment, expanded the bank loan.
Through " The guarantee organization provides the guarantee --bank loan -- enterprise to produce, to develop " This kind ofpositive cycle, the guarantee organization existence has boosted mid-and small-scale enterprise the growth, sped up the enterprise todevelop the step.
Mid- and small-scale enterprise the loan guarantee organizationsolution finances difficultly to have the limitation
As a result of loan guarantee profession management vacuum, own scaleand management aspect the and so on limitation question, our countryloan guarantee organization at present finances in the solution mid-and small-scale enterprise the difficult aspect function is limited.
One, the loan guarantee organization distributed quantity is limited,satisfies with difficulty multitudinously finances the difficult mid-and small-scale enterprise demand. At present our country the loanguarantee organization which serves for mid- and small-scaleenterprise financing provides the guarantee mid- and small-scaleenterprise the household number only is mid- and small-scaleenterprise about total 13%, satisfies with difficulty for the numbermultitudinous mid- and small-scale enterprise demand.
Two, the loan guarantee organization fund scale and the businessvolume are limited. The current loan guarantee organization mayutilize the fund scale not to be big, the accumulation obligation ofwarranty only is may utilize the guarantee fund total amount about 2.5times, in guarantees the responsibility remaining sum for to bepossible to utilize the fund total amount about 1.3 times, has notgotten up the amplification which should have. The various countriesguarantee organization operation general method is, guarantee fundenlargement factor generally about 10 times.
Three, the loan guarantee organization service variety is limited,satisfies mid- and small-scale enterprise the each kind of call forfund with difficulty. According to the investigation, has the nearly55% loan guarantee organization only to provide the floating capitalloan guarantee to the enterprise, both provides the floating capitalloan guarantee and to provide other form loan guarantee theorganization not to 40%, mid- and small-scale enterprise the centerlong-term call for fund still could not obtain satisfies. From oninternational guarantees the organization the secured loan deadline tolook that, the most countries all provide the guarantee to mid- andsmall-scale enterprise the long-term bank loan, the guarantee deadlinelong, generally all above 2 years, the longest US (17 years), theshortest China (generally is 3 months to half year, is longest alsowithin 1 year).
Four, the loan guarantee organization risk guard way limited mid- andsmall-scale enterprise its solution to finance the difficult function.According to the investigation, 60% above loan guarantee organizationprovides has the loan guarantee service which the mortgage or pawns,some 25% above loan guarantee organization only provides has themortgage the loan guarantee service, but also some 23% loan bondingcompany requests to have the third party mutually to guarantee onlythen provides the guarantee service, the only 20% about guaranteeorganization provides the credit guarantee service. The majority ofbonding company has not provided the complete significance the creditguarantee.
看看,可以不??