Question

)______ any instructions from their government, they could not give an answer. 　　A. Having not

)______ any instructions from their government, they could not give an answer.

　　A. Having not received B. Not having received

　　C. Receiving not D. Not receiving 为什么

Answer 1

分词的完成时态作状语。
这句话的意思是：政府部门没有给出任何指示，他们不能给出答复。“没有给出指示这个动作”在他们“不能给出答复”之前发生并完成，因此要用完成时态“having +V过去分词”做状语。
可以把这一个句子分成两个句子：1) They have not received any instructions from their government. 2) They could not give an answer. 把1）2）合成一个句子，1）作为状语变成：Having not received any instructions from their government, they could not give an answer.