初一英语语法的要点、好的加分！
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[第一类] 名词类
1. 这些女老师们在干什么？
[误] What are the woman teachers doing？
[正] What are the women teachers doing？
[析] 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词（单或复数形式）时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式；但当man，woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men，women.
2. 房间里有多少人？
[误] How many peoples are there in the room？
[正] How many people are there in the room？
[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。
3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a / an或数词 +表量的可数名词 + of + 不可数名词”这一结构， 其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。
[第二类] 动词类
4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学？
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school？
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school？
[析] 借助助动词do（或does）构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。
5. 琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening，but this evening she watching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening，but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到了两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和often，usually，sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时由be（am / is / are） + ving形式构成。
6 这双鞋是红色的。
[误] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair（表计量）修饰时，谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类] 代词类
7. 这张票是她的，不是我的。
[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8. 吴老师教我们英语。
[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语，因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。
[第四类] 介词类
9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗？
[误] Can you find the answer of this question？
[正] Can you find the answer to this question？
[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door，the way to the zoo等。
10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in；而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on.
11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。
[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时，只能用in，其他介词没有此用法。
[第五类] 副词类
12. 莉莉，你为什么不回家呢？
[误] Lily，why don’t you go to home？
[正] Lily，why don’t you go home？
[析] come，go 等后接here，there，home等地点副词时，地点副词前不加to。
[第六类] 连词类
13. 我喜欢语文和英语，但我不喜欢体育和历史。
[误] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.and history.
[正] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.or history.
[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接；而在否定句中，并列成分之间的连接需用or。
[第七类] 冠词类
14. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。
[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.
[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.
[析] 1．表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”；
2．our 一词的第一个字母不发音，它是以元音音素开头的，所以“一小时”要用 an hour；
3．用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时，交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。
[第八类] 句法类
15. ――你不是学生吗？ ――不，我是学生。
[误] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――No， I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――Yes， I am.
[析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No，这取决于实际情况：如果事实是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”；如果事实是否定的，就用No表“是的”。
从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词用在某一句式中，下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供你参考。
1.S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(状语）
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）
I'll go swimming.
2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
We like English.
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
I like her.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。
3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）
We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾）
I give you help.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。
5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补）
I make you clear.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。
3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词）
I heard my name called.
I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。
8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
1. 这些女老师们在干什么？
[误] What are the woman teachers doing？
[正] What are the women teachers doing？
[析] 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词（单或复数形式）时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式；但当man，woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men，women.
2. 房间里有多少人？
[误] How many peoples are there in the room？
[正] How many people are there in the room？
[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。
3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a / an或数词 +表量的可数名词 + of + 不可数名词”这一结构， 其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。
[第二类] 动词类
4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学？
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school？
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school？
[析] 借助助动词do（或does）构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。
5. 琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening，but this evening she watching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening，but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到了两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和often，usually，sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时由be（am / is / are） + ving形式构成。
6 这双鞋是红色的。
[误] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair（表计量）修饰时，谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类] 代词类
7. 这张票是她的，不是我的。
[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8. 吴老师教我们英语。
[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语，因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。
[第四类] 介词类
9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗？
[误] Can you find the answer of this question？
[正] Can you find the answer to this question？
[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door，the way to the zoo等。
10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in；而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on.
11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。
[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时，只能用in，其他介词没有此用法。
[第五类] 副词类
12. 莉莉，你为什么不回家呢？
[误] Lily，why don’t you go to home？
[正] Lily，why don’t you go home？
[析] come，go 等后接here，there，home等地点副词时，地点副词前不加to。
[第六类] 连词类
13. 我喜欢语文和英语，但我不喜欢体育和历史。
[误] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.and history.
[正] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.or history.
[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接；而在否定句中，并列成分之间的连接需用or。
[第七类] 冠词类
14. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。
[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.
[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.
[析] 1．表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”；
2．our 一词的第一个字母不发音，它是以元音音素开头的，所以“一小时”要用 an hour；
3．用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时，交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。
[第八类] 句法类
15. ――你不是学生吗？ ――不，我是学生。
[误] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――No， I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――Yes， I am.
[析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No，这取决于实际情况：如果事实是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”；如果事实是否定的，就用No表“是的”。
从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词用在某一句式中，下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供你参考。
1.S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(状语）
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）
I'll go swimming.
2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
We like English.
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
I like her.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。
3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）
We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾）
I give you help.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。
5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补）
I make you clear.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。
3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词）
I heard my name called.
I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。
8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
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