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Questioned Educational Function of TV
　　Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on them and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author- Cardiac Cullingford confirms that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite programs after 9 p.m. all 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.
　　Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Children don't pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can rarely explain the elements of a particular plot. Recall was in "reverse proportion to the amount they had watched". It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and response that children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most, and remember best, are the advertisements. They see them as short programs in their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they react strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to influence them.
　　On the other hand, they are not emotionally involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, not because of their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. They are perfectly clear about the functions of advertisements; by the age of 12, only one in 10 children believes what even favorite ads say about the product. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.

Answer 1

备受质疑的电视教育功能
儿童从电视上几乎学不到什么东西，他们看的越多，记得越少。他们把电视当成纯粹的娱乐，他们反感对其提出要求的节目，对还有人认真看待媒体表示惊讶。他们认为教育节目有些无聊，更谈不上积极参与。这些都是有关儿童和电视的一项新研究得出的主要结论。作者卡地亚可库苓福特证实，现代的孩子是一个执著的观众。这项研究表明在晚间这些节目还有点作用。超过三分之一的儿童在晚上9点以后还经常收看自己喜爱的节目，所有11岁的儿童都看过午夜后的节目。
很明显除消耗时间，这些节目似乎都收效甚微。库苓福特说孩子们心不在焉，根本记不住什么细节。他们确实能记住他们看过哪些节目，但他们很少能说出某个特定情节的含义。记忆随“他们观看量的增加而不断减少”。库苓福特认为正是因为电视不像老师那样要求孩子们关注和响应，所以孩子们才喜欢它。力图传达严肃信息的节目特别令孩子们反感。经常在屏幕高谈阔论的人也是如此。儿童最喜欢的，记忆最深的是广告节目。他们把广告当成他们独享的短节目，尤其喜欢那种幽默的演示。但同样，他们强烈反对那些明显试图影响他们的高压式广告节目。
另一方面，他们不会将感情投入到节目中。如果他们佩服那些大明星，这是因为这些演员过着纸醉金迷的生活，赚钱无度，而不是因为他们那虚构的疯狂飙车和射击匪徒的技艺。他们完全清楚广告的功能；到12岁，10个儿童中只有一个还相信他们所喜爱广告对产品的说辞。库苓福特说教育电视在传授态度或信息方面可能是最不成功的范例。

Answer 2

质疑教育功能的电视
孩子们学习从电视节目,而且几乎没有更他们观看少,他们记得。他们把电视作为纯粹的娱乐项目,对他们的需求很惊讶,任何人都应该采取中认真。远非兴奋的项目,他们是温和的厌烦了整件事。这是主要的一项新的研究结论的儿童和电视。作者——心脏Cullingford证实了现代孩子一个专门的观众。研究表明,那里有小点在以后的小时。超过一个第三的孩子看他们最喜欢的节目经常晚上9点以后所有看过节目11岁的午夜。
除了明显的浪费时间参与,似乎有一点影响,这一切看。孩子们不注意,他们说,Cullingford可以很清楚地回忆起一些细节。他们可以清楚地记得他们看过的节目,但他们很少能够解释某一特定情节的元素。回忆是在“数量成反比他们看了”。正是因为电视,不像一个老师,需求,很少的关注和响应,孩子们喜欢它,认为Cullingford。程序寻求将消息是非常的不喜欢严重。所以人经常谈论在萤幕上。孩子们最喜欢和最容易记住,这个广告。他们视自制软件在他们自己的权力和特别喜欢幽默的简报。但再一次,其反应强烈反对此举公开高压广告影响他们。
在另一方面,他们也不是在感情上参与计划。如果他们羡慕星星,不是因为你是一个迷人的生活和演员铅赚到很多的钱,不是因为他们的虚构的技巧与快速的汽车和射击恶棍。他们是完全清楚广告的功能;12岁的孩子,只有的人相信

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