求英语语法之主谓一致。

duan某
2011-07-19
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概述
  主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说,往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配: 语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近原则 (principle of proximity)编辑本段典型例题
  1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数   Reading and writing are very important.   注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词,共用一个冠词用单数,表示一人兼两职。   The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.   The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.   A. is B. was C. are D. were   答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C..本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.   2 主谓一致中的就近原则   当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.   There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..   There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.   总的来说,在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中,谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理,即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如:   Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.    Either you or she is to go.   Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.   3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致   当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致.   The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.   He as well as I wants to go boating.   4 谓语需用单数   1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数.   Each of us has a tape-recorder.   There is something wrong with my watch.   2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数.   The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.   <一千零一夜>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书.   3) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.(用复数也可,意思不变.)   Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.   Ten yuan is enough.   5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数   1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定.   All is right. (一切顺利.)   All are present. (所有人都到齐了.)   2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family,team,group,club,public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体.   His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.   His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者.   但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin(害虫)等在任何情况下都用复数形式.   Are there any police around   3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数.   A number of +名词复数+复数动词.   The number of +名词单数+单数动词.   A number of books have lent out.   The majority of the students like English.   6 与后接名词或代词保持一致   1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致.   Most of his money is spent on books.   Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.   2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.   Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书.   More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市.   7 the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人,作主语,谓语动词用复数。   8 the+姓氏的复数,表示一家人或两夫妇,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,   9 四则运算时,谓语动词用单数。   10 表示,(时间,距离,重量,金额,书名)的复数名词作主语时,通常当做整体看待,谓语动词用单数。
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