用C语言设计一个学生成绩管理系统
学号 — num [10](字符串)、
姓名(拼音)— name[25](字符串)、
性别 — sex(字符,M或F)、
年龄 — age(整型)、
三门课程成绩(高数、英语、计算机)— score [3 ](单精度)。
设计一个系统,完成下列功能:
1. 定义及输出。用结构体类型数据及其赋初值的方法把学生的数据送到结构体数组中(第一个数据用自己的真实数据,其它数据自定,但注意要有符合第4个功能两项统计输出的数据。),然后把它们打印出来。
2. 计算并排序。计算每个学生三门课程的总分(sum,单精度)及平均分(aver,单精度,输出一位小数),将包括所有数据的结构体数组元素按总分从大到小的顺序排序打印出来。
3. 查找。任意输入一位学生的姓名,打印出他的所有数据。要求能多次查找。
4. 统计。统计输出不及格的学生名单和对应的课程。 展开
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX 1000
/*定义学生成绩信息结构*/
struct stu
{
char id[8];
char name[8];
扩展资料:
short:修饰int,短整型数据,可省略被修饰的int。(K&R时期引入)
long:修饰int,长整型数据,可省略被修饰的int。(K&R时期引入)
long long:修饰int,超长整型数据,可省略被修饰的int。(C99标准新增)
signed:修饰整型数据,有符号数据类型。(C89标准新增)
unsigned:修饰整型数据,无符号数据类型。(K&R时期引入)
restrict:用于限定和约束指针,并表明指针是访问一个数据对象的唯一且初始的方式。(C99标准新增)
复杂类型关键字
struct:结构体声明。(K&R时期引入)
union:联合体声明。(K&R时期引入)
enum:枚举声明。(C89标准新增)
typedef:声明类型别名。(K&R时期引入)
sizeof:得到特定类型或特定类型变量的大小。(K&R时期引入)
inline:内联函数用于取代宏定义,会在任何调用它的地方展开。(C99标准新增)
参考资料来源:百度百科-c语言
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct student //结构体
{
char name[20]; //姓名
char number[20]; //学号
double math; //数学
double english; //英语
double chinese; //语文
double program; //程序
}s[50];
void head() //界面
{
printf(
"**********************************************************************\n"
"** **\n"
"** **\n"
"** 学生成绩管理系统 **\n"
"** **\n"
"** 1.信息录入 **\n"
"** 2.信息统计 **\n"
"** 3.信息浏览 **\n"
"** 4.信息查询 **\n"
"** 5.信息排序 **\n"
"** 6.信息删除 **\n"
"** 0.退出系统 **\n"
"** **\n"
"**********************************************************************\n"
);
}
void daoru(struct student s[], int* n) //文件导入函数
{
FILE *p;
int i=*n;
if((p=fopen("数据.txt", "r"))==NULL)
{
n=n;
}
else
{
while(!feof(p))
{
fscanf(p, "%s%s%lf%lf%lf%lf\n", s[i].name, s[i].number, &s[i].math, &s[i].english, &s[i].chinese, &s[i].program);
i++;
*n=*n+1;
}
}
fclose(p);
}
void daochu(struct student s[], int n)
{
FILE *p;
int i=0;
if((p=fopen("数据.txt", "w"))==NULL)
{
printf("无法打开此文件!");
}
else
{
while(i<n-1)
{
fprintf(p, "%s %s %lf %lf %lf %lf\n", s[i].name, s[i].number, s[i].math, s[i].english, s[i].chinese, s[i].program);
i++;
}
fprintf(p, "%s %s %lf %lf %lf %lf", s[i].name, s[i].number, s[i].math, s[i].english, s[i].chinese, s[i].program);
}
fclose(p);
}
void dayin(struct student s[], int n) //显示所有信息
{
int i;
double all=0.0;
printf("\n姓名\t\t学号\t\t数学\t英语\t语文\t程序\t总分\n");
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
all=s[i].math+s[i].english+s[i].chinese+s[i].program;
printf("%s\t\t%s\t\t%.1lf\t%.1lf\t%.1lf\t%.1lf\t%.1lf\n", s[i].name, s[i].number, s[i].math, s[i].english, s[i].chinese, s[i].program, all);
}
}
void shuru(struct student s[], int* n) //信息输入函数
{
int i=*n, j, k, m;
printf("请输入学生姓名:");
scanf("%s", s[i].name);
printf("请输入学生学号:");
for (j=0; ; j++)
{
m=0;
scanf("%s", s[i].number);
for (k=0; k<i; k++)
{
if (strcmp(s[i].number, s[k].number)==0)
{
m=m+1;
printf("学号重复,请重新输入学号:");
break;
}
}
if (m==0)
{
break;
}
}
printf("请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%lf", &s[i].math);
printf("请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%lf", &s[i].english);
printf("请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%lf", &s[i].chinese);
printf("请输入程序成绩:") ;
scanf("%lf", &s[i].program);
printf("添加信息成功!\n");
*n=*n+1;
daochu(s, *n);
}
void paixu(struct student s[], int n) //排序函数
{
int i, j;
double all1, all2;
struct student stu;
for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
{
for (j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
all1=s[i].math+s[i].english+s[i].chinese+s[i].program;
all2=s[j].math+s[j].english+s[j].chinese+s[j].program;
if (all1<all2)
{
stu=s[i];
s[i]=s[j];
s[j]=stu;
}
}
}
printf("排序后的数据:\n");
dayin(s, n);
}
void chazhao(struct student s[], int n) //查找函数
{
char name[20], num[20];
int m1, m2=0, i, j;
printf("1.按姓名查找\n2.按学号查找\n选择查询方式(1或2):");
scanf("%d", &m1);
if (m1==1)
{
printf("请输入您要查找的学生姓名:");
scanf("%s", name);
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
if (strcmp(s[i].name, name)==0)
{
m2=m2+1;
if (m2==1)
{
printf("\n姓名\t\t学号\t数学\t英语\t语文\t程序\n");
}
printf("%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\n", s[i].name, s[i].number, s[i].math, s[i].english, s[i].chinese, s[i].program);
}
}
if (m2==0)
{
printf("没有此学生信息!\n");
}
}
else if (m1==2)
{
printf("请输入您要查找的学生学号:");
scanf("%s", num);
j=0;
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
if (strcmp(s[i].number, num)==0)
{
m2=m2+1;
if (m2==1)
{
printf("\n姓名\t\t学号\t数学\t英语\t语文\t程序\n");
}
printf("%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\n", s[i].name, s[i].number, s[i].math, s[i].english, s[i].chinese, s[i].program);
}
}
if (m2==0)
{
printf("没有此学生信息!\n");
}
}
}
void shanchu(struct student s[], int* n) //删除函数
{
char num[20];
int m=0, i, j;
printf("请输入您要删除的学生学号:");
scanf("%s", num);
for (i=0; i<=*n; i++)
{
if (strcmp(s[i].number, num)==0)
{
m=m+1;
for (j=i; j<*n; j++)
{
s[j]=s[j+1];
}
*n=*n-1;
}
}
if (m==0)
{
printf("没有此学生信息!\n");
}
else
{
daochu(s, *n);
printf("删除完毕!\n");
}
}
void allAndAver(struct student s[], int n)
{
int i ;
double all=0.0, aver=0.0;
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
all=s[i].math+s[i].english+s[i].chinese+s[i].program;
aver=all/4;
printf("%s\t\t%s\t\t%.1lf\t%.1lf\n", s[i].name, s[i].number, all, aver);
}
}
void Fail(struct student s[], int n) //统计单科不及格人数
{
int i, fail[4]={0};
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
if (s[i].math<60)
{
fail[0]++;
}
if (s[i].english<60)
{
fail[1]++;
}
if (s[i].chinese<60)
{
fail[2]++;
}
if (s[i].program<60)
{
fail[3]++;
}
}
printf("\n不及格信息:\n");
printf("数学不及格的人数为:%d人\n", fail[0]);
printf("英语不及格的人数为:%d人\n", fail[1]);
printf("语文不及格的人数为:%d人\n", fail[2]);
printf("程序不及格的人数为:%d人\n", fail[3]);
}
void Max(struct student s[], int n) //统计单科最高分人数
{
int i, counter[4]={0};
double max[4]={s[0].math, s[0].english, s[0].chinese, s[0].program};
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
if (s[i].math>max[0])
{
max[0]=s[i].math;
}
if (s[i].math>max[1])
{
max[1]=s[i].math;
}
if (s[i].math>max[2])
{
max[2]=s[i].math;
}
if (s[i].math>max[3])
{
max[3]=s[i].math;
}
}
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
if (s[i].math==max[0])
{
counter[0]++;
}
if (s[i].math==max[1])
{
counter[1]++;
}
if (s[i].math==max[2])
{
counter[2]++;
}
if (s[i].math==max[3])
{
counter[3]++;
}
}
printf("\n最高分信息:\n");
printf("数学最高分为:%.1lf, 人数为:%d人\n", max[0], counter[0]);
printf("英语最高分为:%.1lf, 人数为:%d人\n", max[1], counter[1]);
printf("语文最高分为:%.1lf, 人数为:%d人\n", max[2], counter[2]);
printf("程序最高分为:%.1lf, 人数为:%d人\n", max[3], counter[3]);
}
void Min(struct student s[], int n) //统计单科最低分人数
{
int i, counter[4]={0};
double min[4]={s[0].math, s[0].english, s[0].chinese, s[0].program};
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
if (s[i].math<min[0])
{
min[0]=s[i].math;
}
if (s[i].math<min[1])
{
min[1]=s[i].math;
}
if (s[i].math<min[2])
{
min[2]=s[i].math;
}
if (s[i].math<min[3])
{
min[3]=s[i].math;
}
}
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
if (s[i].math==min[0])
{
counter[0]++;
}
if (s[i].math==min[1])
{
counter[1]++;
}
if (s[i].math==min[2])
{
counter[2]++;
}
if (s[i].math==min[3])
{
counter[3]++;
}
}
printf("\n最低分信息:\n");
printf("数学最低分为:%.1lf, 人数为:%d人\n", min[0], counter[0]);
printf("英语最低分为:%.1lf, 人数为:%d人\n", min[1], counter[1]);
printf("语文最低分为:%.1lf, 人数为:%d人\n", min[2], counter[2]);
printf("程序最低分为:%.1lf, 人数为:%d人\n", min[3], counter[3]);
}
void tongji(struct student s[], int n) //统计函数
{
printf("统计信息如下:\n");
printf("\n姓名\t\t学号\t\t总分\t平均分\n");
allAndAver(s, n);
Max(s, n);
Min(s, n) ;
Fail(s, n);
}
int main() //主函数
{
int k, n=0;
daoru(s, &n);
daochu(s, n);
while (1)
{
head();
printf("\n请按对应的键选择相应的功能:");
scanf("%d",&k);
switch (k)
{
case 1:
shuru(s, &n);
break;
case 2:
tongji(s, n);
break;
case 3:
dayin(s, n);
break;
case 4:
chazhao(s, n);
break;
case 5:
paixu(s, n);
break;
case 6:
shanchu(s, &n);
break;
case 0:
exit(1);
break;
default : printf("请输入正确的命令!\n");
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
return 0;
}
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX 1000
/*定义学生成绩信息结构*/
struct stu
{
char id[8];
char name[8];
double Chinese;
double Math;
double English;
double average;
double total;
};
/*学生结构数组,用于存储学生成绩信息*/
struct stu students[MAX];
/*当前学生人数*/
int current;
void input()
{
int i;
printf("请输入学生人数:");
scanf("%d", & current);
for (i = 0; i < current; i++)
{
printf("\n请输入学生学号,最多为7位数: ");
scanf("%s", students[i].id);
printf("请输入学生姓名:");
scanf("%s", students[i].name);
printf("请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%lf", &students[i].Chinese);
printf("请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%lf", &students[i].Math);
printf("请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%lf", &students[i].English);
students[i].total = students[i].Chinese + students[i].Math + students[i].English;
students[i].average = students[i].total / 3;
}
}
/*排名次,即对学生结构数组排序*/
void sort(struct stu array[], int n)
{
int i, j;
struct stu temp;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = i+1; j < n; j++)
{
if (array[i].average - array[j].average < 1e-16)
{
temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}
/*统计平均成绩,并输出各分数段的人数*/
void print_score(struct stu array[], int n)
{
int i;
double ave = 0;
int sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0, sum3 = 0, sum4 = 0;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
ave += array[i].average;
switch ((int)(array[i].average / 10))
{
case 10:
case 9: sum1++; break;
case 8: sum2++; break;
case 7:
case 6: sum3++; break;
default: sum4++;
}
}
printf("全班的平均分为:%.1f\n", ave/n);
printf("平均分在90分以上的人数为:%d\n", sum1);
printf("平均分在80~89的人数为:%d\n", sum2);
printf("平均分在60~79的人数为:%d\n", sum3);
printf("平均分在60分以下的人数为:%d\n", sum4);
}
/*输出不及格科目及学生名单*/
void print_unreach(struct stu array[], int n)
{
int i;
printf("科目\t学号\t名字\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (array[i].Chinese < 60)
{
printf("语文\t%s\t%s\n", array[i].id, array[i].name);
}
if (array[i].Math < 60)
{
printf("数学\t%s\t%s\n", array[i].id, array[i].name);
}
if (array[i].English < 60)
{
printf("英语\t%s\t%s\n", array[i].id, array[i].name);
}
}
}
/*打印优等生名单*/
void print_good(struct stu array[], int n)
{
int i;
char mark = 0;
if (n > 3)
{
n = 3;
}
printf("学号\t姓名\t语文\t数学\t英语\t平均分\t名次\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if ((array[i].Chinese > 60) && (array[i].Math > 60) && (array[i].English > 60))
{
if (array[i].average > 90) mark = 1;
else if (array[i].average > 85)
{
if (array[i].Chinese == 100) mark = 1;
if (array[i].Math == 100) mark = 1;
if (array[i].English == 100) mark = 1;
if (array[i].Chinese > 95 && array[i].English > 95) mark = 1;
if (array[i].Chinese > 95 && array[i].Math > 95) mark = 1;
if (array[i].Math > 95 && array[i].English > 95) mark = 1;
}
if (mark == 1)
{
printf("%s\t%s\t", array[i].id, array[i].name);
printf("%.f\t%.f\t%.f\t%.1f\t", array[i].Chinese, array[i].Math, array[i].English, array[i].average);
printf("%d\n", i+1);
}
}
}
}
/*按学生姓名查询成绩*/
void search_name(struct stu array[], int n, char* name)
{
int i;
char mark = 1;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (strcmp(name, array[i].name) == 0)
{
printf("学生姓名:%s\n", name);
printf("学生学号:%s\n", array[i].id);
printf("语文:%.f\n", array[i].Chinese);
printf("数学:%.f\n", array[i].Math);
printf("英语:%.f\n", array[i].English);
printf("平均分:%.1f\n", array[i].average);
mark = 0;
}
}
if (mark == 1) puts("不存在该学生记录");
}
/*按学生学号查询成绩*/
void search_id(struct stu array[], int n, char* id)
{
int i;
char mark = 1;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (strcmp(id, array[i].id) == 0)
{
printf("学生姓名:%s\n", array[i].name);
printf("学生学号:%s\n", array[i].id);
printf("语文:%.f\n", array[i].Chinese);
printf("数学:%.f\n", array[i].Math);
printf("英语:%.f\n", array[i].English);
printf("平均分:%.1f\n", array[i].average);
mark = 0;
break;
}
}
if (mark == 1) puts("不存在该学生记录");
}
void print_menu()
{
system("cls");
printf("1.输入学生信息\n");
puts("2.统计全班学生成绩");
puts("3.按学号查询学生成绩");
puts("4.按姓名查询学生成绩");
puts("5.输出不及格情况");
puts("6.输出优等生名单");
puts("0.退出本程序");
printf("\n\n 请输入你的选择:");
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char ch = 0;
char id[8], name[8];
while (ch != '0')
{
print_menu();
ch = getchar();
switch (ch)
{
case '1':
{
system("cls");
input();
sort(students, current);
break;
}
case '2':
{
system("cls");
print_score(students, current);
break;
}
case '3':
{
system("cls");
printf("请输入学号:");
scanf("%s", id);
search_id(students, current, id);
break;
}
case '4':
{
system("cls");
printf("请输入姓名:");
scanf("%s", name);
search_name(students, current, name);
break;
}
case '5':
{
system("cls");
print_unreach(students, current);
break;
}
case '6':
{
system("cls");
print_good(students, current);
break;
}
case '0': exit(0);
}
printf("\n\n按任意键返回主菜单……");
getchar();
getchar();
}
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
FILE *fp;
struct student{
char name[10];
char number[12];
char age[3];
struct student *next;
};
struct student *creat(); //手动创建链表
struct student *build_list(); //从文件读取信息创建链表
void read_list(struct student *head); //打印链表
void search(struct student *head); //查找相应信息
struct student *delete_(struct student *head); //删除相应信息
void ad_list(struct student *head); //增加信息
int control(struct student *head); //控制函数
void head_print(); //打印界面函数
void change_list(struct student *head); //更改链表信息函数
void save(struct student *head); //保存文件
void remove(struct student *head); //递归释放链表空间
char name[10],number[12],age[3]; //学生姓名、学号、年龄全局变量
int main(){
struct student *head;
head=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
control(head);
free(head);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
struct student *creat(){
struct student *head;
char name[10],number[12],age[3];
struct student *p,*r,*p1;
head=(struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
p=head->next;
r=head;
printf("依次输入姓名学号年龄(按q退出):\n");
scanf("%s",name);
while(name[0]!='q'){
p1=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
scanf("%s",number);
scanf("%s",age);
strcpy(p1->name,name);
strcpy(p1->number,number);
strcpy(p1->age,age);
p1->next=NULL;
r->next=p1;
r=p1;
scanf("%s",name);
}
printf("建立成功\n");
return head;
}
/*若无文件或文件为空,用链表创建函数,为防止占用多余内存在循环入口处进行判断,函数返回头指针地址*/
struct student *build_list(){
char ch;
struct student *head;
struct student *p1,*r;
rewind(fp);
head=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
r=head;
while(!feof(fp)){
p1=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
fscanf(fp,"%s%s%s",p1->name,p1->number,p1->age);
p1->next=NULL;
r->next=p1;
r=p1;
fseek(fp,2L,SEEK_CUR);
if((ch=getc(fp))==EOF)
break;
else
fseek(fp,-3L,SEEK_CUR);
}
return head;
}
/*文件内有信息时按行读取文件信息并创建链表,为防止误读结尾换行符,用fseek函数在每次循环后移两单位判断是否为空
,若为空结束循环,若不为空则用fseek函数前移三个单位*/
void read_list(struct student *head){
struct student *p;
p=head->next;
if(p==NULL){
head=creat();
}
printf("*******************************************\n");
while(p!=NULL){
printf("%-20s%-12s%-3s\n",p->name,p->number,p->age);
p=p->next;
}
printf("*******************************************\n");
}
/*输出链表信息,如果进行删除操作后链表为空则转到链表创建函数;按行读取文件信息并输出。*/
void search(struct student *head){
char s[20];
struct student *p;
int k=0;
printf("请输入要查询的字符串:\n");
p=head->next;
scanf("%s",s);
printf("查询结果:\n");
while(p!=NULL){
if((strcmp(s,p->age)&&strcmp(s,p->name)&&strcmp(s,p->number))==0){
printf("%-20s%-12s%-3s\n",p->name,p->number,p->age);
k=1;
}
p=p->next;
}
if(k==0)
printf("无记录\n");
}
/*查找函数,*/
struct student *delete_(struct student *head){
char s[20];
char ch;
int v=0;
struct student *p,*q;
printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号:\n");
scanf("%s",s);
p=head->next;
q=head;
while(p!=NULL){
if(strcmp(s,p->number)==0){
q->next=p->next;
v=1;
free(p);
break;
}
q=p;
p=p->next;
}
if(v==1)
printf("删除成功\n");
else{
printf("未删除成功\n");
return q->next;
}
if(head->next==NULL){
printf("已无信息,是否输入新的(Y/N):\n");
scanf("%c",&ch);
ch=getchar();
if(ch=='y')
head=creat();
return head;
}
return q->next;
}
void ad_list(struct student *head){
char s[20];
int v=0;
struct student *p,*q;
q=(struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
p=head->next;
printf("插在学号为多少的学生后?\n");
scanf("%s",s);
while(p!=NULL){
if(strcmp(s,p->number)==0){
printf("请输入学生信息(姓名 学号 年龄):\n");
scanf("%s%s%s",q->name,q->number,q->age);
q->next=p->next;
p->next=q;
v=1;
break;
}
p=p->next;
}
if(v==0)
printf("插入失败\n");
}
void change_list(struct student *head){
char s1[12];
char ch;
struct student *p;
printf("请输入要更改的学生的学号:\n");
scanf("%s",s1);
p=head->next;
while(p!=NULL){
if(strcmp(s1,p->number)==0)
break;
p=p->next;
}
printf("请输入要更改的内容:\na.姓名\nb.学号\nc.年龄\n");
scanf("%c",&ch);
ch=getchar();
printf("请输入更改后结果:\n");
scanf("%s",s1);
switch(ch){
case'a':strcpy(p->name,s1);break;
case'b':strcpy(p->number,s1);break;
case'c':strcpy(p->age,s1);break;
}
}
void save(struct student *head){
struct student *p;
p=head->next;
fp=fopen("stu.out","w+");
rewind(fp);
while(p!=NULL){
fprintf(fp,"%-20s%-12s%3s\n",p->name,p->number,p->age);
p=p->next;
}
printf("保存成功\n");
}
void remove(struct student *head){
if(head==NULL)
return;
remove(head->next);
free(head);
}
int control(struct student *head){
int i=0;
char ch;
head_print();
if((fp=fopen("stu.out","r"))==NULL){
printf("无文件,请先建立:\n");
head=creat();
}
else if((ch=getc(fp))==EOF){
printf("无信息,请先建立:\n");
head=creat();
}
else
head=build_list();
while((ch=getchar())!='q'){
switch(ch){
case'a':search(head);break;
case'b':delete_(head);break;
case'c':ad_list(head);break;
case'd':change_list(head);break;
case'e':read_list(head);break;
case'f':save(head);break;
case'h':head_print();
}
}
if(ch=='q')
remove(head);
return 0;
}
void head_print(){
printf("%13.0s********************************************%13.0s\n");
printf("%13.0s**%40.0s**\n");
printf("%13.0s**%9.0sa.查找%9.0sb.删除%10.0s**\n");
printf("%13.0s**%40.0s**\n");
printf("%13.0s**%9.0sc.增加%9.0sd.更改%10.0s**\n");
printf("%13.0s**%40.0s**\n");
printf("%13.0s**%9.0se.查看%9.0sf.存档%10.0s**\n");
printf("%13.0s**%40.0s**\n");
printf("%13.0s**%9.0s按h显示提示信息,q退出%10.0s**\n");
printf("%13.0s********************************************%13.0s\n");
}