Question

问三个语法小问题

(C.G Jung, a Swiss psychologist, whose renown as a pioneer) in the field of psychoanalysis almost equals that of Sigmund Freud
为什么括号内的改为 a Swiss with renown as a psychologist pioneer, C.G JUNG更好呢？不是两个人的renown之间相互比较么？

In 1850 Jim Beckwourth, a Black American explorer, discovered in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada a pass (soon becoming )an important gateway to California gold rush country
括号内的哪里错了呢？不是做后置定语么？如果错了应该改成什么？

High　school　graduates　usually　do　not　end　up　earning　as　much　income　as　college　graduateds　do，　（explaining　why　so　many　high　school　students．）
为什么括号内的要改成　this　fact　explains　why　so　many　high　school　students．呢？原句有什么错呢？

Answer 1

(C.G Jung, a Swiss psychologist, whose renown as a pioneer) in the field of psychoanalysis almost equals that of Sigmund Freud
为什么括号内的改为 a Swiss with renown as a psychologist pioneer, C.G JUNG更好呢？不是两个人的renown之间相互比较么？
whose引导的定从修饰的是逗号前得那个单词，如果不改，则这个单词是psychologist，而很多人都可以是psychologist。文中想说的却只是c.g.jung，所以括号里的有歧义，不好。

In 1850 Jim Beckwourth, a Black American explorer, discovered in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada a pass (soon becoming )an important gateway to California gold rush country
括号内的哪里错了呢？不是做后置定语么？如果错了应该改成什么？
改成 a pass that soon became，用定语从句修饰没有歧义。如果用后置定语，则说不清becoming是修饰的pass还是jim beckwourth，甚至语法上它更优先修饰原句的主语。改成定从后不存在这个问题。

High　school　graduates　usually　do　not　end　up　earning　as　much　income　as　college　graduateds　do，　（explaining　why　so　many　high　school　students．）
为什么括号内的要改成　this　fact　explains　why　so　many　high　school　students．呢？原句有什么错呢？
原句有歧义，explaining的逻辑主语优先选择主句的主语（high school graduates），但显然explaining实际上修饰的是前面的整句。用this fact这个抽象名词代替前面的整句是修饰整句常见的方法。