biology and its challenges的全文翻译
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Biology and its challenges (P4)
I. Pre-reading
What is your favorite subject? Why are you so interested in it?
II. While reading
1. Read the article and answer the following questions.
1) Why did the author fall in love with biology when he was in junior high school?
Because he loved the way his teacher taught him.
2) What poses a big challenge for the author when taking Advanced Placement Biology at Hotchkiss in the USA?
The intensiveness and vocabulary requirements.
3) What happened to the author when he was in the dissection class?
He almost fainted at the sight of a fetal pig soaked with formalin and fled.
4) What did the author do when he was in New York during the Thanksgiving and Spring breaks?
He spent a total of three long days at the National Natural History Museum, but was not even able to finish the section displaying the fossils of ancient extinct life.
2. Choose the best answer.
1) The underlined phrase “fell under its spell” in the first paragraph probably means ____.
A. got along well with her
B. gradually got bored with it
C. became fascinated with it
D. was not afraid of its intensiveness
2) To make his play inviting Charles Darwin to dinner stand out, the author had to ____.
A. make use of some weird long words in the play
B. create cartoons based on what was taught in class
C. introduce the process of dissecting a fetal pig in detail
D. work hard on the conversations, menu, and background music
3) What happened during the author’s first dissection class?
A. He learned how to soak a fetal pig with formalin.
B. He preferred to dissect an earthworm rather than a fetal pig.
C. He fled back to his dorm because of his fear of dead bodies.
D. He finally conquered his inner fear and dissected a baby pig.
4) What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The author’s love of biology.
B. The author’s knowledge of biology.
C. How the author spent his spare time.
D. Why elephant tortoise interested the author.
Key:
1. C。由上文描述的作者在一位老师的影响下开始对生物着迷，可知这里fell under its spell应该表达的是同样的意思，故答案为C。
2. D。由第三段的“and the writing of a play inviting Charles Darwin to dinner (graded by the topics discussed at the dinner table as well as the menu and music playing in the background)”可知答案为D。
3. C。由第四段可知作者第一堂解剖课上因为害怕而逃离了课堂，所以C为正确答案。
4. A。最后两段作者主要描述了自己对生物这门学科的喜爱，故答案为A。
III. After reading
Writing:
Reading the author’s experience of learning about biology, it’s clear that he believes that interest is the best teacher. Please write a short article about one of your most unforgettable experiences of learning your favorite subject. The following questions are for your reference.
? How did you fall in love with the subject?
? What about the subject fascinated you?
? What efforts did you make to study it better?
? What problems did you have in the process of learning it? How did you overcome them?
Sharing friends’ genes (P5)
I. Pre-reading
Friendship is important in our lives. What do you think makes people become friends?
Do you sometimes feel so close to your friends that they are like family to you? Why do you have such feelings?
II. Reading
Choose the best answer:
1. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?
A. To explain why friends share skills and interests.
B. To report on recent findings about making friends.
C. To analyze what influences the way people make friends.
D. To explain an interesting test called the “friendship score”.
2. According to the researchers of the study, people _____.
A. form their friendships by complete coincidence
B. are genetically similar to their friends, compared to strangers
C. make friends with those who share nearly 10 percent of their genes
D. may share more similar genes with their friends than with their fourth cousins
3. With the examples of ancient people developing the ability to speak and helping each other build a fire, the author intends to _____.
A. show how ancient people helped each other survive
B. explain that similar interests are what lead to friendship
C. show that it is evolution that brings friends together
D. tell us why it was easier for ancient people to find friends
4. According to the article, people with similar genes that affect their sense of smell ____.
A. like to hang out at cafes more often
B. are easily attracted to the smell of their friends
C. are more likely to be attracted to a similar environment
D. can identify people who can become friends in a crowd
Key:
1. B。本文主要报道了最新的关于人们交友方面的一些新发现，故答案为B。
2. B。由第二、三段可知研究人员发现，朋友间相比陌生人之间拥有更多相似基因，故答案为B。
3. C。本段谈到了有相似基因的人也有相似的技能和喜好，然后以古代人为例，说明只有遇到拥有相似技能基因的人他们才能发展语言技能，同时，同样对冷感受比较强烈的人更可能会互相帮助生火，作者举这些例子都是为了说明人们选择了拥有相似基因的人为友，是因为进化的需要，故C为正确答案。
4. C。由倒数第三段的“This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments”可知故答案为C。
III. After reading
1. Fill in the blanks with proper conjunctions.
1) Is it a coincidence ______ you become friends with people who share your genes?
2) In ancient times, it was critical ______ people who were alike stayed together.
3) People ______ share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes, researchers said.
4) It calculates ______ big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes.
5) In fact, it is evolution ______ brings you together.
Key: 1) that 2) that 3) who/that 4) how 5) that
2. Complete the following sentences with the proper form of the given phrases.
turn out hang out figure out
in common in advance base on
1) I can't ______ why he quit his job.
2) To make sure that he would be at home, I called him up ______.
3) If the day ______ to be a rainy one we may have to change our plans.
4) Peter enjoys ______ with his friends on weekends.
5) This novel ______ historical facts.
6) The two brothers don't have much ______.
Key:
1) figure out 2) in advance 3) turns out 4) hanging out 5) is based on 6) in common
Stevie’s surprise (P6)
I. Skimming
Read the story fast and answer the following questions.
1. Why did Stevie get along well with the customers at the truckstop?
He tried to please each person he met and the truckers loved him.
2. Why did Stevie miss work for the first time in three years?
He was getting a “new valve or something” put in his heart.
3. How did the staff react when they heard Stevie was out of surgery and in recovery?
They were excited.
4. What surprise did the staff give Stevie when he came back to work?
They had collected $10,000 in cash and checks for Stevie from truckers and trucking companies that heard about his problems and gave them to Stevie when he came back to work.
II. Scanning
Choose the best answer:
1. How did the author feel when he first hired Stevie?
A. He was afraid that Stevie would not work hard.
B. He was confident that his customers would love Stevie.
C. He wasn’t sure if Stevie would get on well with the truckers.
D. He was worried that Stevie would often have to ask for leave for physical checkups.
2. When Frannie learned that Stevie was out of surgery and going to be okay, she ____.
A. passed on the good news to all the truckers in the diner
B. felt excited but also worried if he could afford the bills
C. wanted to invite the other staff to visit him in the hospital
D. tried to persuade Belle Ringer to donate some money for Stevie
3. The first day Stevie came back to work, ____.
A. the author asked him to clean up all the mess at the truckstop
B. the staff prepared a great surprise for him
C. he was still weak and not in a good mood
D. many truckers came to welcome him back
4. The underlined word “stern” in Paragraph 9 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. strict B. angry C. cheerful D. surprised
Key:
1. C。由第一、二段可知作者一开始担心顾客会对Stevie有偏见，但结果证明他通过自己的努力深受顾客欢迎，故答案为C。
2. B。由第五段的“Frannie, my head waitress, did a little dance.”以及第六段的“But I don’t know how he and his mom are going to pay all the bills.”可知Frannie复杂的心情，故答案为B。
3. B。由倒数第二、三段可知Stevie康复后回来上班时，大家给他准备了一个惊喜——为他捐赠了一笔价值不菲的现金，故答案为B。
4. A。从上下文可知Stevie刚回来，作者就让他打扫一大堆的餐盘，作者故意装作严苛与不近人情，而实际上是为了让不明就里的Stevie制作惊喜，所以stern在此表示“严厉的”，答案为A。
III. Further thinking
Discussion:
What qualities did Stevie have that made him popular at the truckstop?
Why did the author call Stevie the “best worker I ever hired”?
I. Pre-reading
What is your favorite subject? Why are you so interested in it?
II. While reading
1. Read the article and answer the following questions.
1) Why did the author fall in love with biology when he was in junior high school?
Because he loved the way his teacher taught him.
2) What poses a big challenge for the author when taking Advanced Placement Biology at Hotchkiss in the USA?
The intensiveness and vocabulary requirements.
3) What happened to the author when he was in the dissection class?
He almost fainted at the sight of a fetal pig soaked with formalin and fled.
4) What did the author do when he was in New York during the Thanksgiving and Spring breaks?
He spent a total of three long days at the National Natural History Museum, but was not even able to finish the section displaying the fossils of ancient extinct life.
2. Choose the best answer.
1) The underlined phrase “fell under its spell” in the first paragraph probably means ____.
A. got along well with her
B. gradually got bored with it
C. became fascinated with it
D. was not afraid of its intensiveness
2) To make his play inviting Charles Darwin to dinner stand out, the author had to ____.
A. make use of some weird long words in the play
B. create cartoons based on what was taught in class
C. introduce the process of dissecting a fetal pig in detail
D. work hard on the conversations, menu, and background music
3) What happened during the author’s first dissection class?
A. He learned how to soak a fetal pig with formalin.
B. He preferred to dissect an earthworm rather than a fetal pig.
C. He fled back to his dorm because of his fear of dead bodies.
D. He finally conquered his inner fear and dissected a baby pig.
4) What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The author’s love of biology.
B. The author’s knowledge of biology.
C. How the author spent his spare time.
D. Why elephant tortoise interested the author.
Key:
1. C。由上文描述的作者在一位老师的影响下开始对生物着迷，可知这里fell under its spell应该表达的是同样的意思，故答案为C。
2. D。由第三段的“and the writing of a play inviting Charles Darwin to dinner (graded by the topics discussed at the dinner table as well as the menu and music playing in the background)”可知答案为D。
3. C。由第四段可知作者第一堂解剖课上因为害怕而逃离了课堂，所以C为正确答案。
4. A。最后两段作者主要描述了自己对生物这门学科的喜爱，故答案为A。
III. After reading
Writing:
Reading the author’s experience of learning about biology, it’s clear that he believes that interest is the best teacher. Please write a short article about one of your most unforgettable experiences of learning your favorite subject. The following questions are for your reference.
? How did you fall in love with the subject?
? What about the subject fascinated you?
? What efforts did you make to study it better?
? What problems did you have in the process of learning it? How did you overcome them?
Sharing friends’ genes (P5)
I. Pre-reading
Friendship is important in our lives. What do you think makes people become friends?
Do you sometimes feel so close to your friends that they are like family to you? Why do you have such feelings?
II. Reading
Choose the best answer:
1. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?
A. To explain why friends share skills and interests.
B. To report on recent findings about making friends.
C. To analyze what influences the way people make friends.
D. To explain an interesting test called the “friendship score”.
2. According to the researchers of the study, people _____.
A. form their friendships by complete coincidence
B. are genetically similar to their friends, compared to strangers
C. make friends with those who share nearly 10 percent of their genes
D. may share more similar genes with their friends than with their fourth cousins
3. With the examples of ancient people developing the ability to speak and helping each other build a fire, the author intends to _____.
A. show how ancient people helped each other survive
B. explain that similar interests are what lead to friendship
C. show that it is evolution that brings friends together
D. tell us why it was easier for ancient people to find friends
4. According to the article, people with similar genes that affect their sense of smell ____.
A. like to hang out at cafes more often
B. are easily attracted to the smell of their friends
C. are more likely to be attracted to a similar environment
D. can identify people who can become friends in a crowd
Key:
1. B。本文主要报道了最新的关于人们交友方面的一些新发现，故答案为B。
2. B。由第二、三段可知研究人员发现，朋友间相比陌生人之间拥有更多相似基因，故答案为B。
3. C。本段谈到了有相似基因的人也有相似的技能和喜好，然后以古代人为例，说明只有遇到拥有相似技能基因的人他们才能发展语言技能，同时，同样对冷感受比较强烈的人更可能会互相帮助生火，作者举这些例子都是为了说明人们选择了拥有相似基因的人为友，是因为进化的需要，故C为正确答案。
4. C。由倒数第三段的“This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments”可知故答案为C。
III. After reading
1. Fill in the blanks with proper conjunctions.
1) Is it a coincidence ______ you become friends with people who share your genes?
2) In ancient times, it was critical ______ people who were alike stayed together.
3) People ______ share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes, researchers said.
4) It calculates ______ big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes.
5) In fact, it is evolution ______ brings you together.
Key: 1) that 2) that 3) who/that 4) how 5) that
2. Complete the following sentences with the proper form of the given phrases.
turn out hang out figure out
in common in advance base on
1) I can't ______ why he quit his job.
2) To make sure that he would be at home, I called him up ______.
3) If the day ______ to be a rainy one we may have to change our plans.
4) Peter enjoys ______ with his friends on weekends.
5) This novel ______ historical facts.
6) The two brothers don't have much ______.
Key:
1) figure out 2) in advance 3) turns out 4) hanging out 5) is based on 6) in common
Stevie’s surprise (P6)
I. Skimming
Read the story fast and answer the following questions.
1. Why did Stevie get along well with the customers at the truckstop?
He tried to please each person he met and the truckers loved him.
2. Why did Stevie miss work for the first time in three years?
He was getting a “new valve or something” put in his heart.
3. How did the staff react when they heard Stevie was out of surgery and in recovery?
They were excited.
4. What surprise did the staff give Stevie when he came back to work?
They had collected $10,000 in cash and checks for Stevie from truckers and trucking companies that heard about his problems and gave them to Stevie when he came back to work.
II. Scanning
Choose the best answer:
1. How did the author feel when he first hired Stevie?
A. He was afraid that Stevie would not work hard.
B. He was confident that his customers would love Stevie.
C. He wasn’t sure if Stevie would get on well with the truckers.
D. He was worried that Stevie would often have to ask for leave for physical checkups.
2. When Frannie learned that Stevie was out of surgery and going to be okay, she ____.
A. passed on the good news to all the truckers in the diner
B. felt excited but also worried if he could afford the bills
C. wanted to invite the other staff to visit him in the hospital
D. tried to persuade Belle Ringer to donate some money for Stevie
3. The first day Stevie came back to work, ____.
A. the author asked him to clean up all the mess at the truckstop
B. the staff prepared a great surprise for him
C. he was still weak and not in a good mood
D. many truckers came to welcome him back
4. The underlined word “stern” in Paragraph 9 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. strict B. angry C. cheerful D. surprised
Key:
1. C。由第一、二段可知作者一开始担心顾客会对Stevie有偏见，但结果证明他通过自己的努力深受顾客欢迎，故答案为C。
2. B。由第五段的“Frannie, my head waitress, did a little dance.”以及第六段的“But I don’t know how he and his mom are going to pay all the bills.”可知Frannie复杂的心情，故答案为B。
3. B。由倒数第二、三段可知Stevie康复后回来上班时，大家给他准备了一个惊喜——为他捐赠了一笔价值不菲的现金，故答案为B。
4. A。从上下文可知Stevie刚回来，作者就让他打扫一大堆的餐盘，作者故意装作严苛与不近人情，而实际上是为了让不明就里的Stevie制作惊喜，所以stern在此表示“严厉的”，答案为A。
III. Further thinking
Discussion:
What qualities did Stevie have that made him popular at the truckstop?
Why did the author call Stevie the “best worker I ever hired”?
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