Question

帮忙翻译

瓷器是一种由瓷石、高岭土、石英石、莫来石等组成，外表施有玻璃质釉或彩绘的物器。瓷器的成形要通过在窑内经过高温（约1280℃-1400℃）烧制，瓷器表面的釉色会因为温度的不同从而发生各种化学变化。烧结的瓷器胎一般仅含3%不到的铁元素，且不透水，因其较为低廉的成本和耐磨不透水的特性广为世界各地的民众所使用山水爱瓷，是中华文明展示的瑰宝。

中国是瓷器的故乡，瓷器的发明是中华民族对世界文明的伟大贡献，在英文中“瓷器（china）”与中国（China）同为一词。大约在公元前16世纪的商代中期，中国就出现了早期的瓷器。因为其无论在胎体上，还是在釉层的烧制工艺上都尚显粗糙，烧制温度也较低，表现出原始性和过渡性，所以一般称其为“原始瓷”。
　　中国瓷器是从陶器发展演变而成的，原始瓷器起源于3000多年前。至宋代时，名瓷名窑已遍及大半个中国，是瓷业最为繁荣的时期。当时的汝窑、官窑、哥窑、钧窑和定窑并称为宋代五大名窑。被称为瓷都的江西景德镇在元代出产的青花瓷已成为瓷器的代表。青花瓷釉质透明如水，胎体质薄轻巧，洁白的瓷体上敷以蓝色纹饰，素雅清新，充满生机。青花瓷一经出现便风靡一时，成为景德镇的传统名瓷之冠。与青花瓷共同并称四大名瓷的还有青花玲珑瓷、粉彩瓷和颜色釉瓷。另外，还有雕塑瓷、薄胎瓷、五彩胎瓷等，均精美非常，各有特色。
多姿多彩的瓷器是中国古代的伟大发明之一，"瓷器"与"中国"在英文中同为一词，充分说明中国瓷器的精美绝伦完全可以作为中国的代表。 高级瓷器拥有远高于一般瓷器的制作工艺难度，因此在古代皇室中也不乏精美瓷器的收藏。作为古代中国的特产奢侈品之一，瓷器通过各种贸易渠道传到各个国家，精美的古代瓷器作为具有收藏价值的古董被大量收藏家所收藏。中国古代瓷器有曾拍出天价的精品，但部分国宝级瓷器并不在中国国内。欧美人士在结婚时，便特别喜欢送赠高级瓷器茶具。

陶瓷之路
“陶瓷之路”（The China Road ）发端于唐代中后期，是中世纪中外交往的海上大动脉。因瓷器的性质不同于丝绸，不宜在陆上运输，故择海路，这是第二条“亚欧大陆桥”。在这条商路上还有许多商品在传播，如茶叶、香料、金银器……。之所以命名为“陶瓷之路”，主要是因为以瓷器贸易为主的性质，也有人将这条海上商路称为“海上丝绸之路”。但有一点可以肯定的是唐代中后期，由于土耳其帝国的崛起等原因，“陆上丝绸之路”的地位开始削弱。“陶瓷之路”的起点在中国的东南沿海，沿东海、南海经印度洋、阿拉伯海到非洲的东海岸或经红海、地中海到埃及等地；或从东南沿海直通日本和朝鲜。在这条商路沿岸洒落的中国瓷片象闪闪明珠，照亮着整个东南亚、非洲大地和阿拉伯世界。

Answer 1

China is a stone, kaolin, by porcelain comprised, mullite and other components, appearance is glaze or coloured drawing or pattern was posterior vitreous things device. The forming of China through in the stove through high temperature (1280 ℃--1400 ℃) fire, porcelain surface temperature will glaze color because different thus to produce all sorts of chemical change. The porcelain child general sintering only contains less than 3% of iron, and impervious, because its relatively cheap cost and wear-resisting impervious characteristics widely used by the people all over the world and love, is the Chinese civilization porcelain display of treasure.

China is the home of China, China is the Chinese nation to the invention of the great contribution to the world civilization, in English "porcelain (China)" and China (China) with a word for. About in the middle of the 16 th century BC shang dynasty, China appeared early porcelain. Because its no matter in tire body, or in the glaze layer on the firing technology are still show rough, firing temperature is low, show being original and transitional, so general called it "the original porcelain".
Chinese porcelain from pottery development and become, the original porcelain originated in the 3000 DuoNian before. To the song dynasty, din co has been spread all over half of China, is the porcelain industry the most period of prosperity. When your kiln, government kiln, elder brother kilns, which is called the song dynasty, and the kiln and five of ancient jun. Called the ceramics capital of jingdezhen yuan dynasty in the produce has become the representative of the blue porcelain. Blue and white porcelain enamel transparent water, tire, and the constitution thin white porcelain body apply to blue grain, simple but elegant, pure and fresh and full of life. Once the blue and white porcelain came very popular, become the jingdezhen traditional crown of co. And the common saying four big blue and green and exquisite porcelain co, famile-rose porcelain and colored glaze porcelain. In addition, there is a sculpture porcelain, thin tire porcelain, colorful tire porcelain, etc., are very fine, each with the characteristic.
Colorful porcelain is one of the great inventions of ancient China, "porcelain" and "China" in English for a word with, which shows the Chinese porcelain of exquisite can as China's representatives. Senior China has much higher than general porcelain production technology difficulty in ancient royal families, so there are the porcelain collection. As ancient Chinese products, through all kinds of porcelain one of luxury goods trade channels to each country, exquisite ancient China as a value of collection of antique collectors by collections. Ancient Chinese porcelain have had patted the high-quality goods of day price, but some of the "China is not in China. People in Europe and America, they especially like to marry to give senior China tea service.

Ceramic road
"Ceramic" Road of The Road (China) in later tang dynasty originated in The middle ages, is Chinese and foreign exchanges sea artery. Because of the nature of the China different from silk, not in land transport, the choice of sea route, this is the second "euro-asian continental bridge". In the article the trade route and many of the products in transmission, if tea and spices, earliest... . Was named "ceramic" road of trade with China, mainly because of the nature of the mainly, and some will this on the sea port called "Marine silk road". But one thing is for sure in later tang dynasty, because of the rise of the Ottoman empire and other reasons, "land silk road" of the status began to weaken. "Ceramic" road of the starting point of the southeast coast of China in the east China sea, the south China sea, the Indian Ocean, the Arabian sea to the east coast of Africa or the red sea, the Mediterranean to Egypt, etc; Or from southeast coastal through Japan and north Korea. In the article the aspects of Chinese ceramics down on the coast as pearl shining light, the entire southeast Asia, Africa and the Arab world.

Answer 2

Porcelain is the porcelain stone, kaolin, quartz, mullite, etc., applied with vitreous enamel exterior painted objects or devices. Porcelain forming through the kiln at high temperatures (about 1280 ℃ -1400 ℃) firing, glaze porcelain surface because of differences in temperature which occurred in a variety of chemical changes. Sintered porcelain tires generally contain only less than 3% of iron, and impermeable, as it is low cost and wear impervious features widely used by people around the world love porcelain landscape is a treasure of Chinese civilization show .

China is the hometown of porcelain, Chinese porcelain of the invention is a great contribution to world civilization, in English, "porcelain (china)" with China (China) with the word. About the business in the mid-16th century BC, the Chinese appeared early porcelain. Because both in the matrix, or in the glaze layer are still on the firing process was rough, the firing temperature is lower, showing the original and transition, it is generally referred to as "proto-porcelain."
Chinese porcelain is made from the evolution of pottery, porcelain originated 3,000 years ago the original. To the Song Dynasty, porcelains wares has over half of China, Porcelain is the most prosperous period. When the Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun and Song Ding, and called the five famous kilns. Known as the porcelain capital of Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain produced during the Yuan Dynasty porcelain has become a representative. Blue and white porcelain enamel and transparent water, thin, lightweight tire body, deposited on a white porcelain body with blue decoration, simple and elegant, fresh, full of life. There will be all the rage once blue and white porcelain, traditional porcelains of Jingdezhen became the highest. Together with the blue and white porcelains of the four and said there is exquisite blue and white porcelain, Fencai Ci and color glazed. In addition, ceramic sculpture, eggshell porcelain, ceramic and other colorful tires, are very fine, have their own characteristics.
Colorful porcelain is one of the great inventions of ancient China, "porcelain" and "China" with the word in English, fully explain the exquisite Chinese porcelain can be used as the representative of China. Advanced ceramics have a much higher than the general difficulty of porcelain production process, so the ancient royal family, sometimes in exquisite porcelain collection. As one of the ancient Chinese specialty luxury, porcelain spread through various trade channels in various countries, as a fine collection of ancient porcelain was a lot of value to collectors of antique collection. Ancient Chinese porcelain have been sold for high price of quality, but are not part of a national treasure in China porcelain. When people of European marriage, they especially like to send gifts senior porcelain tea set.

Ceramic Road "Ceramic Road" (The China Road) originated in the Tang Dynasty in the late Middle Ages and foreign exchanges of the sea artery. Different from the silk due to the nature of porcelain, not on land transport, sea so choose, this is the second "Asia-Europe Continental Bridge." In this way there are many providers in the dissemination of goods such as tea, spices, gold and silver ... .... The reason why the name "Ceramic Road", mainly due to the porcelain trade-based nature of this maritime trade route was also known as the "Maritime Silk Road." But one thing is certain is that in the late Tang Dynasty, due to the rise of the Ottoman Empire and other reasons, "overland Silk Road" status began to weaken. "Ceramic Road" starting point in China's southeast coast, along the East China Sea, South China Sea through the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea to the east coast of Africa, or through the Red Sea, the Mediterranean to Egypt and other places; or direct from the southeast coast of Japan and Korea. In this trade route along the tiles like floating down the shining pearl of China, lit the whole of Southeast Asia, Africa and the Arab world the earth.

Answer 3

Porcelain is the porcelain stone, kaolin, quartz, mullite, etc., applied with vitreous enamel exterior painted objects or devices. Porcelain forming through the kiln at high temperatures (about 1280 ℃ -1400 ℃) firing, glaze porcelain surface because of differences in temperature which occurred in a variety of chemical changes. Sintered porcelain tires generally contain only less than 3% of iron, and impermeable, as it is low cost and wear impervious features widely used by people around the world love porcelain landscape is a treasure of Chinese civilization show .

China is the hometown of porcelain, Chinese porcelain of the invention is a great contribution to world civilization, in English, "porcelain (china)" with China (China) with the word. About the business in the mid-16th century BC, the Chinese appeared early porcelain. Because both in the matrix, or in the glaze layer are still on the firing process was rough, the firing temperature is lower, showing the original and transition, it is generally referred to as "proto-porcelain."
Chinese porcelain is made from the evolution of pottery, porcelain originated 3,000 years ago the original. To the Song Dynasty, porcelains wares has over half of China, Porcelain is the most prosperous period. When the Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun and Song Ding, and called the five famous kilns. Known as the porcelain capital of Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain produced during the Yuan Dynasty porcelain has become a representative. Blue and white porcelain enamel and transparent water, thin, lightweight tire body, deposited on a white porcelain body with blue decoration, simple and elegant, fresh, full of life. There will be all the rage once blue and white porcelain, traditional porcelains of Jingdezhen became the highest. Together with the blue and white porcelains of the four and said there is exquisite blue and white porcelain, Fencai Ci and color glazed. In addition, ceramic sculpture, eggshell porcelain, ceramic and other colorful tires, are very fine, have their own characteristics.
Colorful porcelain is one of the great inventions of ancient China, "porcelain" and "China" with the word in English, fully explain the exquisite Chinese porcelain can be used as the representative of China. Advanced ceramics have a much higher than the general difficulty of porcelain production process, so the ancient royal family, sometimes in exquisite porcelain collection. As one of the ancient Chinese specialty luxury, porcelain spread through various trade channels in various countries, as a fine collection of ancient porcelain was a lot of value to collectors of antique collection. Ancient Chinese porcelain have been sold for high price of quality, but are not part of a national treasure in China porcelain. When people of European marriage, they especially like to send gifts senior porcelain tea set.

Ceramic Road
"Ceramic road" (The China Road) originated in the Tang Dynasty in the late Middle Ages and foreign exchanges of the sea artery. Different from the silk due to the nature of porcelain, not on land transport, sea so choose, this is the second "Asia-Europe Continental Bridge." In this way there are many providers in the dissemination of goods such as tea, spices, gold and silver ... .... The reason why the name "Ceramic Road", mainly due to the porcelain trade-based nature of this maritime trade route was also known as the "Maritime Silk Road." But one thing is certain is that in the late Tang Dynasty, due to the rise of the Ottoman Empire and other reasons, "overland Silk Road" status began to weaken. "Ceramic Road" starting point in China's southeast coast, along the East China Sea, South China Sea through the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea to the east coast of Africa, or through the Red Sea, the Mediterranean to Egypt and other places; or direct from the southeast coast of Japan and Korea. In this trade route along the tiles like floating down the shining pearl of China, lit the whole of Southeast Asia, Africa and the Arab world, the earth

Answer 4

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