速求高中情态动词的用法
2个回答
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高中英语语法 情态动词的用法
一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法
情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must / mustn’t; can / can’t ; need / needn’t; may / mayn’t; might / mightn’t; should / shouldn’t;
ought等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的
1．表示已经发生的情况。
1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。如：
My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room， for the first man I met asked sympathetically：” Are you feeling all right？”
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be
（答案为C）
2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。如：
Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received
[C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received
（答案为A）
3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。如：
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant， a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2．表示虚拟语气。
1） needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’t need to do”，译为“其实没必要……”。如：
You needn’t have come over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party， we ______so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up
（没有必要穿的那么正式，体现是说话者的建议，实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定，答案为D）
2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。
3） ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的完成式含义类似。如：
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock， which went up in smoke 。
4）could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：
What you said is right， but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5） may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会……”。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
二．几个情态动词常考的句型：
1）．may/might （just） as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；
Since the flight was cancelled， you might as well go by train.
既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。
2）cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over…。如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized 。
3）usedn’t 或didn’t use to 为used to （do） 的否定式。
4）should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研(论坛) 大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做
三．情态动词被动关系的主动表达法
1． want， require， worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。
Your hair wants cutting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired
一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法
情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must / mustn’t; can / can’t ; need / needn’t; may / mayn’t; might / mightn’t; should / shouldn’t;
ought等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的
1．表示已经发生的情况。
1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。如：
My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room， for the first man I met asked sympathetically：” Are you feeling all right？”
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be
（答案为C）
2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。如：
Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received
[C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received
（答案为A）
3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。如：
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant， a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2．表示虚拟语气。
1） needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’t need to do”，译为“其实没必要……”。如：
You needn’t have come over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party， we ______so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up
（没有必要穿的那么正式，体现是说话者的建议，实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定，答案为D）
2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。
3） ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的完成式含义类似。如：
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock， which went up in smoke 。
4）could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：
What you said is right， but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5） may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会……”。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
二．几个情态动词常考的句型：
1）．may/might （just） as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；
Since the flight was cancelled， you might as well go by train.
既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。
2）cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over…。如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized 。
3）usedn’t 或didn’t use to 为used to （do） 的否定式。
4）should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研(论坛) 大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做
三．情态动词被动关系的主动表达法
1． want， require， worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。
Your hair wants cutting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired
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表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示/认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等含义，但情态动词本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语/谓语动词，必须和动词原形（不带to的不定式）连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。朗读时，情态动词的肯定式一般不重读。
情态动词的否定式一般是在它们的后面加否定词not构成，如could的否定式是could not, 简写时一般在词尾加-n’t, 如couldn’t; 但shall not的否定式应简写为shan’t(不常用简写形式)。
will, would
will表示“意志”、“意愿”，可用于多种人称。
I will (I’ll) tell you all about it.
We will (We’ll) help him if he asks us to.
He won’t go with us.
will在疑问句中用于第二人称时，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。 would是will的过去式，表示过去时间的“意志”、“意愿”，可用于多种人称。表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will婉转，指现在时间。
I’m going to the library. Will you go with me?
Will you give him a message when you see him?
They said that they would help us.
I promised that I would do my best.
Would you like to join the football club?
I’d like to take a look at that shirt over there.
shall, should
should常用来表示劝告、建议，认为某人“应该”、“应当”做某事， 或“有义务和责任”做某事。
-I have a headache.
-You should go to bed.
You should eat a lot of healthy food.
You shouldn’t watch TV every day.
在疑问句中，shall用来征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称。should 作为情态动词，表示“劝告”、“建议”，常译作“应该”。
Where shall I wait for you?
Shall we start the meeting now?
You should keep your promise.
Young people should respect old people.
can, could :
表示“能力；许可；可能性”等。could可以代替can表示语气较为婉转。在口语中can可以代替may表示许可，而may比较正式。
I can speak English and a little French. (能力)
Can we eat in school? (许可)
Could I watch TV? (许可)
Could you take out the trash? (可能性*)
Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldn’t ten years ago. (能力)
Can/Could I borrow your bike for a moment? (许可)
He said I could use his computer. (许可)
I thought the story could not be true. (可能)
may, might
表示许可或征询对方许可，有“可以”的意思。用作此意时，它的否定形式可以用may not, 但表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”等意思时常用must not (mustn’t) 代替代may not.
You may go now.
He said that I might use his telephone.
-May I go with my friends to the harvest festival?
-Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.
表示可能性，有“或许”、“可能”意思，may或might + 动词原形都可表示可能性。用might则语气更加不肯定。
He may / might be from Canada.
They may / might have a lot of work to do.
以上红色助动词只有过去式，没有过去分词 (其他的助动词待确定)
dare
But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.
具有情态动词和一般动词两种用法，通常与一般动词一样构成否定句和疑问句，后接带to的不定式，最常用于否定句中。如：
I didn’t dare to go.
He won’t dare to break his promise.
dare 亦可作情态动词，在英国英语中尤用于现在时否定式，后接不带to的动词不定式。
I daren’t tell her the news.
在口语中，该词的各种形式(我认为指的是“一般动词”和情态动词)常与不带to的不定式连用。如：
Don’t you dare tell her what I said! 你敢告诉他我说的话！
I didn’t dare look at him.
ought (否定式ought not to / oughtn’t to；疑问式为Ought I / you to …?)
无人称和时态的变化，后接带to的动词不定式。 ought to 可表示“义务”、“要求”或“劝告”，常译作“应该”、“应当”等（和should差不多，只是语气稍重一些）；有时表示“非常可能”的意思
There’s something I ought to tell you before you leave.
He ought not to do that.
-Ought he to see the doctor?
-Yes, he ought to.
If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today.
used to
had better
must（没有过去式）
表示“必须”、“应该”。否定式must not / mustn’t 表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等。在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用need not / needn’t 或 don’t have to, 表示“不必”，而不用must not。 表示“一定”、“必定”等推测意义时，一般只用在肯定句中。
You must eat less meat.
You mustn’t speak like that.
-Must I be home before eight o’clock?
-Yes, you must.
-No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
The work must be finished as soon as possible.
You mustn’t smoke in public places.
There must be something wrong.
I don’t like this radio. I must buy a new one.
The radio is broken. I have to buy a new one.
have to（过去式：had to）
表示“必须”、“不得不”。在这个意义上与must很接近，但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to表示的却是客观需要。have to比must有更多的形式。
I must go now. (主观看法)
I have to go now. (客观需要)
You don’t have to worry about that.
You have to wear sports shoes for your gym class.
Every student will have to know how to use computers.
其他：
You have got to go now. (我造的句)
Have you got to go now?（书上句子）
will have to
need
The bell rings so you need to go to class. (这里need应该是实义动词)
“I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly,” the girl said. (这里need应该是实义动词)
情态动词的否定式一般是在它们的后面加否定词not构成，如could的否定式是could not, 简写时一般在词尾加-n’t, 如couldn’t; 但shall not的否定式应简写为shan’t(不常用简写形式)。
will, would
will表示“意志”、“意愿”，可用于多种人称。
I will (I’ll) tell you all about it.
We will (We’ll) help him if he asks us to.
He won’t go with us.
will在疑问句中用于第二人称时，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。 would是will的过去式，表示过去时间的“意志”、“意愿”，可用于多种人称。表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will婉转，指现在时间。
I’m going to the library. Will you go with me?
Will you give him a message when you see him?
They said that they would help us.
I promised that I would do my best.
Would you like to join the football club?
I’d like to take a look at that shirt over there.
shall, should
should常用来表示劝告、建议，认为某人“应该”、“应当”做某事， 或“有义务和责任”做某事。
-I have a headache.
-You should go to bed.
You should eat a lot of healthy food.
You shouldn’t watch TV every day.
在疑问句中，shall用来征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称。should 作为情态动词，表示“劝告”、“建议”，常译作“应该”。
Where shall I wait for you?
Shall we start the meeting now?
You should keep your promise.
Young people should respect old people.
can, could :
表示“能力；许可；可能性”等。could可以代替can表示语气较为婉转。在口语中can可以代替may表示许可，而may比较正式。
I can speak English and a little French. (能力)
Can we eat in school? (许可)
Could I watch TV? (许可)
Could you take out the trash? (可能性*)
Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldn’t ten years ago. (能力)
Can/Could I borrow your bike for a moment? (许可)
He said I could use his computer. (许可)
I thought the story could not be true. (可能)
may, might
表示许可或征询对方许可，有“可以”的意思。用作此意时，它的否定形式可以用may not, 但表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”等意思时常用must not (mustn’t) 代替代may not.
You may go now.
He said that I might use his telephone.
-May I go with my friends to the harvest festival?
-Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.
表示可能性，有“或许”、“可能”意思，may或might + 动词原形都可表示可能性。用might则语气更加不肯定。
He may / might be from Canada.
They may / might have a lot of work to do.
以上红色助动词只有过去式，没有过去分词 (其他的助动词待确定)
dare
But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.
具有情态动词和一般动词两种用法，通常与一般动词一样构成否定句和疑问句，后接带to的不定式，最常用于否定句中。如：
I didn’t dare to go.
He won’t dare to break his promise.
dare 亦可作情态动词，在英国英语中尤用于现在时否定式，后接不带to的动词不定式。
I daren’t tell her the news.
在口语中，该词的各种形式(我认为指的是“一般动词”和情态动词)常与不带to的不定式连用。如：
Don’t you dare tell her what I said! 你敢告诉他我说的话！
I didn’t dare look at him.
ought (否定式ought not to / oughtn’t to；疑问式为Ought I / you to …?)
无人称和时态的变化，后接带to的动词不定式。 ought to 可表示“义务”、“要求”或“劝告”，常译作“应该”、“应当”等（和should差不多，只是语气稍重一些）；有时表示“非常可能”的意思
There’s something I ought to tell you before you leave.
He ought not to do that.
-Ought he to see the doctor?
-Yes, he ought to.
If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today.
used to
had better
must（没有过去式）
表示“必须”、“应该”。否定式must not / mustn’t 表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等。在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用need not / needn’t 或 don’t have to, 表示“不必”，而不用must not。 表示“一定”、“必定”等推测意义时，一般只用在肯定句中。
You must eat less meat.
You mustn’t speak like that.
-Must I be home before eight o’clock?
-Yes, you must.
-No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
The work must be finished as soon as possible.
You mustn’t smoke in public places.
There must be something wrong.
I don’t like this radio. I must buy a new one.
The radio is broken. I have to buy a new one.
have to（过去式：had to）
表示“必须”、“不得不”。在这个意义上与must很接近，但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to表示的却是客观需要。have to比must有更多的形式。
I must go now. (主观看法)
I have to go now. (客观需要)
You don’t have to worry about that.
You have to wear sports shoes for your gym class.
Every student will have to know how to use computers.
其他：
You have got to go now. (我造的句)
Have you got to go now?（书上句子）
will have to
need
The bell rings so you need to go to class. (这里need应该是实义动词)
“I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly,” the girl said. (这里need应该是实义动词)
参考资料： 从课本总结整理出来的
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