将来完成时的意义及用法
将来完成时的形式为: 主语 + will + have + done
将来完成时意义:表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作。
到现在我已经学了3000单词了。 I have learned 3000 words by now.
到去年我已经学了2000单词了。 I had learned 2000 words by last year.
到明年的时候我就会学4000单词了。 I will have learned 4000 words by next year.
表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。
如: When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。
例句:
我已经在这住了5年了。 I have lived here for 5 years.
截止到去年我已经住在这4年了。 I have lived here for 4 years by last year.
到明年的时候我就住这6年了。 I will have lived here for 6 years by next year.
表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。
如: We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻,我就已经为该公司干了24年了。
现在完成时,过去完成时和将来完成时的区别:
1. 现在完成时以现在时间为参照点,表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态;
2. 过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点,表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态;
3. 将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点,表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态。
He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。
He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完他的小说。
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。
与一般现在时代替一般将来时一样,在表示时间或者条件的状语从句,通常要用现在完成时来表示将来完成时,而不能直接使用将来完成时