Question

初中英语语法

Answer 1

初中英语语法总结一览表

语法项目
构 成
用 法
象 征 词
规则变化
不规则变化
例 句

一般现在时
动词用原形

三人称单数-s / es
表示经常性的

动作或状态
Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。
一般-s –es 辅音＋y---ies
have----has

He goes to school every day.

I often have lunch at home.

一般过去时
动词用过去时

Be—was/ were
表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态
ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ied
go-went come-came

do-did leave-left等
He wrote a letter yesterday.

I studied hard last year.

一般将来时
be going to＋V原

will / shall + V原
在将来某个时间或

某段时要做的事
tomorrow / after

next / tonight in 2010

Go come leave stay

fly等用进行表将来
Are you going to read ?

He is coming tomorrow .

现在进行时
be＋doing
表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态
listen look now

all the time Don’t…
一般去e 双写

+ing
tie die lie –

变ie为y加ing
Tom is writing now .

They are lying on the bed .

现在完成时

现在完成进行
have / has +PP

have/has been+doing
发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等
含糊的频率副词 already just never ever
分词规则的同过去式是一样的
不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆
I have been teaching for 8 years.

He has slept for two days.

.过去进行时
was / were +doing

多用于复合句中
表在过去某时间正在进行的动作
at this time yesterday

last Sunday evening
一般去e 双写

+ing
tie die lie –

变ie为y加ing
He was reading at that time

last Friday

过去完成时
had+动过去分词

多用于复合句中
该动作发生在过去的过去
by the time＋过去时

when after before
规则的分词构成与过去时一样的
需要逐个记忆

详见不规则动词表
We had learnt 2000 words

by the end of last year.

过去将来时
would + V 原形

多用宾语从句中
过去看来将要发生的动作或状态
He said that he… the next day .

He said that he would come here the next day .

比较级形式

形容副词名词
后--er 前加more

名词比较用more
表示两个人、物

之间进行比较时
than /much/ a little

far / in the two 等
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ier
good/well —better

much/many—more
She is the tall in the two.

He runs faster than Tom .

最高级形式

形容副词名词
后-est 前加most

名词比较用most
大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较
in the ＋比较范围

of the 具体的数字
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－iest
bad/ill/badly-worst

far-farther-farthest
She is the most beautiful

in her class.(最高级加the)

动词不定式

to do没有人称和数的变化
作主语

To read is helpful for anybody now .
作宾语

He wants to buy a dictionary.
作宾补

I hear him sing yesterday

Tom told me to open it.
作表语

His job is to take care of children .
作状语

He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow .
作定语

He has much homework

to do every day .

主从复合句
状语从句

句子作状语 （时间地点原因条件让步比较）

He was writing a letter when I came in。
宾语从句

句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）

He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.
定语从句

句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）

I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday

主动结构

与

被动结构

主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语

动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者

被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP + by宾语

动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者

在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式
We speak English .

主语 谓语 宾语

English is spoken by us

宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾
主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被

PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表

被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动

Answer 2

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Answer 3

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