Question

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AGING OUT OF FOSTER CARE
Even though most children who enter foster care stay for a finite period of time, others remain in the foster care system until they reach adulthood (typically age 18.)19 Some of these young people had spent years and years in foster care; others
were removed from their homes when they were already in their mid-to-late teens.
The Numbers During 1999, 56,593 children ages 16 and older left the foster care system.20 Among these were 18,554 foster children who aged out of the system by becoming legally independent. The same racial and ethnic disparities that are
evident in the foster care population as a whole are apparent in the population of those youth who age out of foster care. More than 35 percent of youth aging out of foster care in 1999 were black, even though black children account for only 15
percent of children under age 18. Conversely, non-Hispanic white children were underrepresented – accounting for 45 percent of children aging out of foster care but 64 percent of all children under age 18.21 In addition to race and ethnicity, geography seems to have some bearing on the population of youth aging out of foster care. More specifically, children expected to age out of foster care in the next few years are not spread evenly among the states. For example, as of September 30, 1999, three states (California, Illinois, and New York) accounted for more than 36,000 of the 16- to 18- year-olds in foster care – nearly two-fifths of all foster children in that age group. In contrast, 22 states had fewer than 1,000 apiece.22 Large differences also exist in the rate at which youth age out of foster care, with 19 states having rates of less than one youth in this category for every 1,000
youth ages 16 to 18 and three states (California, Massachusetts, and Minnesota) and the District of Columbia having rates higher than 3 for every 1,000 youth in that age range.23 Behind the Numbers Several factors can account for why some youth
are still in foster care on the cusp of early adulthood:
■ Age at entry to foster care.24 The children who are at highest risk of aging out of foster care are those entering as teenagers.

Answer 1

AGING OUT OF FOSTER CARE
增龄而离开收养照顾系统
Even though most children who enter foster care stay for a finite period of time, others remain in the foster care system until they reach adulthood (typically age 18.)
尽管大多数被收养照顾的孩童所逗留的时间是有限的，其他的通常会留在收养关怀系统直至成年（一般是18岁）。

19 Some of these young people had spent years and years in foster care; others were removed from their homes when they were already in their mid-to-late teens. The Numbers During 1999, 56,593 children ages 16 and older left the foster care system.
这些年少的儿童有一部分会被收养照顾很长时间，但有一部分在他们青少年的中晚期就已离开他们的收养家庭。1999年期间的人数是56,593，这些孩子都是在16岁及以上离开收养关怀系统。

20 Among these were 18,554 foster children who aged out of the system by becoming legally independent. The same racial and ethnic disparities that are evident in the foster care population as a whole are apparent in the population of those youth who age out of foster care. More than 35 percent of youth aging out of foster care in 1999 were black, even though black children account for only 15 percent of children under age 18. Conversely, non-Hispanic white children were underrepresented – accounting for 45 percent of children aging out of foster care but 64 percent of all children under age 18.
这群孩子中有18,554人是由于成长至合法自立年龄而被迁离系统；这群人里的种族比例差异很明显地与收养系统里的种族比例差异如出一辙。在1999年，尽管低于18岁的黑人孩子在收养系统中只占15%，但被撤离的黑人孩子却有35%。相反的，18岁以下的非西班牙族的白种孩子在收养系统里占64%，但却只有45%被撤离收养系统。

21 In addition to race and ethnicity, geography seems to have some bearing on the population of youth aging out of foster care. More specifically, children expected to age out of foster care in the next few years are not spread evenly among the states. For example, as of September 30, 1999, three states (California, Illinois, and New York) accounted for more than 36,000 of the 16- to 18- year-olds in foster care – nearly two-fifths of all foster children in that age group. In contrast, 22 states had fewer than 1,000 apiece.
除了种族因素，似乎还涉及地理的关系。更具体的说，今后几年将被撤离收养的孩子，在各州的分布是不均匀的。例如，截至1999年9月39日，在三个州（加尼福尼亚、伊利诺斯和纽约）收养系统里被撤离的16至18岁孩子超过36,000人，占所有这年龄组的近五分之二；这与其他22个州中每个都不及1000人数形成对比。

22 Large differences also exist in the rate at which youth age out of foster care, with 19 states having rates of less than one youth in this category for every 1,000 youth ages 16 to 18 and three states (California, Massachusetts, and Minnesota) and the District of Columbia having rates higher than 3 for every 1,000 youth in that age range.
在这年龄段的少年被撤离收养系统的比率，各地的差别也很巨大。有19个州的16至18岁的少年，被撤离的比率每千人还不足一人；而有三个州（加尼福尼亚、马萨诸塞和明尼苏达）以及哥伦比亚自治区，被撤离的比率是每千人超过三个。

23 Behind the Numbers several factors can account for why some youth are still in foster care on the cusp of early adulthood:
在这些数字背后，有几个因素可以解释有些已臻成年早期的年轻人为何还留在收养系统：

■ Age at entry to foster care.
进入收养照顾系统的年龄。
24 The children who are at highest risk of aging out of foster care are those entering as teenagers.
离开风险最高的是在青少年期才进入收养系统的孩子。

【英语牛人团】

Answer 2

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