Question

英语问题，谢谢

有两个问题，请教一下
第一个问题是it 的用法，有两条是
（1）作形式主语或形式宾语，代替由不定式，动名词或从句所表示的真正主语或宾语，
（2）有在强调结构中，
这两条是什么意思，老师也是一说就过，我看了半天也没看懂，
第二个问题，就是有些状语从句也在名词后面，和定语从句一样，怎么辨别是定语从句还是状语从句呀，主语从句在句首，宾语从句在动词和介词后，表语从句在系动词后，定语从句在名词后，这状语从句怎么看呀，还有就是是不是状语从句，要先翻译从句，在翻译主句呀，其他从句大都是顺着翻译呀，
谢谢了，

Answer 1

I'm expert.!!
“it”充当形式宾语，宾语从句后置的情况有下列几种：

一、在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)时，要用it作形式宾语。在这种结构中that不可省略。例如：

We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time.我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。

She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone.她认为他不接电话是不对的。

二、由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。 例如：

We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money. 我正在考虑借给你钱的事。

I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。

三、用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。例如：

Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o'clock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。

We took it for granted that he would come. 我们认为他来是当然的。

四、不可直接接宾语从句的情况。

在like, enjoy, love, hate, take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句，需跟形式宾语 it。

I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。

I like it that everyone passed the exam. 都通过了考试我很喜欢。

五、不可直接跟that从句的情况。

下列动词不可直接接that从句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike(厌恶), overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear(听见), see(看见), want(想要) 等，但可用it, the fact做媒介，后接that从句；或接动名词、不定式。例如：

He overlooked it that he had made another mistake. (正确) 他忽视了一件事，他又犯了一个错误。

He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正确)

He overlooked that he had made another mistake. (错误)

I admire it that they won the match. (正确)

I admire the fact that they won the match. (正确) 我很羡慕，他们赢得了比赛。

I admire that they won the match. (错误)

强调嘛:一、it强调句型的构成：

It+be+被强调部分+that(强调部分指人做主语时时用who，指人做宾语时用whom)+句子的其他部分。

例如：

Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.

It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday.

(强调主语)

It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)

It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street.(强调时间状语)

It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday.(强调地点状语)

注意：it强调句型不能强调句子的谓语。

二、not…until结构强调句型的构成：

It+be+not+until部分+that+句子的其他部分。

例如：

He didn't go to bed until his father came back..

变为强调句型为：

It was not until his father came back that he went to bed.注意原句中的didn't go部分中的not提前后，剩下did go变为went.

本文开头提到的两个句子都是not..until结构用于强调句型。那么把这两句话变回正常的语序则为：

1)…but he didn't make his most important discovery until after the war.

2)The importance of Fleming's discovery was not fully recognized until World War II.

三、特殊疑问句强调句型的构成：

特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分(用陈述语序)

例如：

When did you receive the gift？

对特殊疑问词when做强调：

When was it that you received the gift？

注意此句中的received是由did加receive结合而成的。

问题2:
如果从句去掉,句子意思变化不大,则是状语.
因为状语只是句子的补充.