如何利用html5开发android界面
2个回答
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一、Android HTML5应用概述
二、构建HTML5离线应用
为了能够让用户在离线状态下继续访问WEB应用，开发者需要提供一个cache manifest文件。这个文件中列出了所有需要在离线状态下使用的资源，浏览器会把这些资源缓存到本地。
cache manifest文件例子：
三、在Android中构建HTML5离线应用
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2015-05-31 · 知道合伙人数码行家
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三种解决方式：1 viewport属性 2 CSS控制 3 JS控制
1 viewport属性放在HTML的<meta>中
<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: x-small"> <head>
<title>Exmaple</title>
<meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width,user-scalable=no”/>
</head></SPAN>
meta中viewport的属性如下
<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: x-small"> <meta name="viewport"
content="
height = [pixel_value | device-height] ,
width = [pixel_value | device-width ] ,
initial-scale = float_value ,
minimum-scale = float_value ,
maximum-scale = float_value ,
user-scalable = [yes | no] ,
target-densitydpi = [dpi_value | device-dpi |
high-dpi | medium-dpi | low-dpi]
"
/></SPAN>
2 CSS控制设备密度
为每种密度创建独立的样式表（注意其中的webkit-device-pixel-ratio 3个数值对应3种分辨率）
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5)" href="hdpi.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 1.0)" href="mdpi.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 0.75)" href="ldpi.css" />
在一个样式表中，指定不同的样式
WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
myWebView.setWebViewClient(new MyWebViewClient());
另外出于用户习惯上的考虑 需要将WebView表现得更像一个浏览器，也就是需要可以回退历史记录
因此需要覆盖系统的回退键 goBack，goForward可向前向后浏览历史页面
Java代码
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if ((keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) && myWebView.canGoBack() {
myWebView.goBack();
return true;
}
return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}
//处理javascript中的confirm
public boolean onJsConfirm(WebView view, String url, String message, final JsResult result) {
Builder builder = new Builder(MainActivity.this);
builder.setTitle("confirm");
builder.setMessage(message);
builder.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok,
new AlertDialog.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
result.confirm();
}
});
builder.setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel,
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
result.cancel();
}
});
builder.setCancelable(false);
builder.create();
builder.show();
return true;
};
@Override
//设置网页加载的进度条
public void onProgressChanged(WebView view, int newProgress) {
MainActivity.this.getWindow().setFeatureInt(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS, newProgress * 100);
super.onProgressChanged(view, newProgress);
}
//设置应用程序的标题title
public void onReceivedTitle(WebView view, String title) {
MainActivity.this.setTitle(title);
super.onReceivedTitle(view, title);
}
});
● Android中的调试
通过JS代码输出log信息
Js代码
Js代码： console.log("Hello World");
Log信息： Console: Hello World http://www.example.com/hello.html :82
在WebChromeClient中实现onConsoleMesaage()回调方法，让其在LogCat中打印信息
Java代码 复制代码 收藏代码
WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
myWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {
public void onConsoleMessage(String message, int lineNumber, String sourceID) {
Log.d("MyApplication", message + " -- From line "
+ lineNumber + " of "
+ sourceID);
}
});
以及
Java代码
WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
myWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {
public boolean onConsoleMessage(ConsoleMessage cm) {
Log.d("MyApplication", cm.message() + " -- From line "
+ cm.lineNumber() + " of "
+ cm.sourceId() );
return true;
}
});
*ConsoleMessage 还包括一个 MessageLevel 表示控制台传递信息类型。 您可以用messageLevel()查询信息级别，以确定信息的严重程度，然后使用适当的Log方法或采取其他适当的措施。
● HTML5本地存储在Android中的应用
HTML5提供了2种客户端存储数据新方法：
localStorage 没有时间限制
sessionStorage 针对一个Session的数据存储
Js代码
<script type="text/javascript">
localStorage.lastname="Smith";
document.write(localStorage.lastname);
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
sessionStorage.lastname="Smith";
document.write(sessionStorage.lastname);
</script>
WebStorage的API:
//清空storage
localStorage.clear();
//设置一个键值
localStorage.setItem(“yarin”,“yangfegnsheng”);
//获取一个键值
localStorage.getItem(“yarin”);
//获取指定下标的键的名称（如同Array）
localStorage.key(0);
//return “fresh” //删除一个键值
localStorage.removeItem(“yarin”);
注意一定要在设置中开启哦
setDomStorageEnabled（true）
在Android中进行操作
//启用数据库
webSettings.setDatabaseEnabled(true);
String dir = this.getApplicationContext().getDir("database", Context.MODE_PRIVATE).getPath();
//设置数据库路径
webSettings.setDatabasePath(dir);
//使用localStorage则必须打开
webSettings.setDomStorageEnabled(true);
//扩充数据库的容量（在WebChromeClinet中实现）
public void onExceededDatabaseQuota(String url, String databaseIdentifier, long currentQuota,
long estimatedSize, long totalUsedQuota, WebStorage.QuotaUpdater quotaUpdater) {
quotaUpdater.updateQuota(estimatedSize * 2);
}
在JS中按常规进行数据库操作
function initDatabase() {
try {
if (!window.openDatabase) {
alert('Databases are not supported by your browser');
} else {
var shortName = 'YARINDB';
var version = '1.0';
var displayName = 'yarin db';
var maxSize = 100000; // in bytes
YARINDB = openDatabase(shortName, version, displayName, maxSize);
createTables();
selectAll();
}
} catch(e) {
if (e == 2) {
// Version mismatch.
console.log("Invalid database version.");
} else {
console.log("Unknown error "+ e +".");
}
return;
}
}
function createTables(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
transaction.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS yarin(id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL,desc TEXT NOT NULL);', [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler);
}
);
insertData();
}
function insertData(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
//Starter data when page is initialized
var data = ['1','yarin yang','I am yarin'];
transaction.executeSql("INSERT INTO yarin(id, name, desc) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", [data[0], data[1], data[2]]);
}
);
}
function errorHandler(transaction, error){
if (error.code==1){
// DB Table already exists
} else {
// Error is a human-readable string.
console.log('Oops. Error was '+error.message+' (Code '+error.code+')');
}
return false;
}
function nullDataHandler(){
console.log("SQL Query Succeeded");
}
function selectAll(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
transaction.executeSql("SELECT * FROM yarin;", [], dataSelectHandler, errorHandler);
}
);
}
function dataSelectHandler(transaction, results){
// Handle the results
for (var i=0; i<results.rows.length; i++) {
var row = results.rows.item(i);
var newFeature = new Object();
newFeature.name = row['name'];
newFeature.decs = row['desc'];
document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("name").innerHTML="name:"+newFeature.name;
document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("desc").innerHTML="desc:"+newFeature.decs;
}
}
function updateData(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
var data = ['fengsheng yang','I am fengsheng'];
transaction.executeSql("UPDATE yarin SET name=?, desc=? WHERE id = 1", [data[0], data[1]]);
}
);
selectAll();
}
function ddeleteTables(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
transaction.executeSql("DROP TABLE yarin;", [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler);
}
);
console.log("Table 'page_settings' has been dropped.");
}
注意onLoad中的初始化工作
function initLocalStorage(){
if (window.localStorage) {
textarea.addEventListener("keyup", function() {
window.localStorage["value"] = this.value;
window.localStorage["time"] = new Date().getTime();
}, false);
} else {
alert("LocalStorage are not supported in this browser.");
}
}
window.onload = function() {
initDatabase();
initLocalStorage();
}
● HTML5地理位置服务在Android中的应用
//启用地理定位
webSettings.setGeolocationEnabled(true);
//设置定位的数据库路径
webSettings.setGeolocationDatabasePath(dir);
//配置权限（同样在WebChromeClient中实现）
public void onGeolocationPermissionsShowPrompt(String origin,
GeolocationPermissions.Callback callback) {
callback.invoke(origin, true, false);
super.onGeolocationPermissionsShowPrompt(origin, callback);
}
HTML5中 通过navigator.geolocation对象获取地理位置信息
常用的navigator.geolocation对象有以下三种方法：
Js代码
//获取当前地理位置
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success_callback_function, error_callback_function, position_options)
//持续获取地理位置
navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(success_callback_function, error_callback_function, position_options)
//清除持续获取地理位置事件
navigator.geolocation.clearWatch(watch_position_id)
其中success_callback_function为成功之后处理的函数，error_callback_function为失败之后返回的处理函数，参数position_options是配置项
//定位
function get_location() {
if (navigator.geolocation) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(show_map,handle_error,{enableHighAccuracy:false,maximumAge:1000,timeout:15000});
} else {
alert("Your browser does not support HTML5 geoLocation");
}
}
1 viewport属性放在HTML的<meta>中
<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: x-small"> <head>
<title>Exmaple</title>
<meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width,user-scalable=no”/>
</head></SPAN>
meta中viewport的属性如下
<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: x-small"> <meta name="viewport"
content="
height = [pixel_value | device-height] ,
width = [pixel_value | device-width ] ,
initial-scale = float_value ,
minimum-scale = float_value ,
maximum-scale = float_value ,
user-scalable = [yes | no] ,
target-densitydpi = [dpi_value | device-dpi |
high-dpi | medium-dpi | low-dpi]
"
/></SPAN>
2 CSS控制设备密度
为每种密度创建独立的样式表（注意其中的webkit-device-pixel-ratio 3个数值对应3种分辨率）
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5)" href="hdpi.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 1.0)" href="mdpi.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 0.75)" href="ldpi.css" />
在一个样式表中，指定不同的样式
WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
myWebView.setWebViewClient(new MyWebViewClient());
另外出于用户习惯上的考虑 需要将WebView表现得更像一个浏览器，也就是需要可以回退历史记录
因此需要覆盖系统的回退键 goBack，goForward可向前向后浏览历史页面
Java代码
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if ((keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) && myWebView.canGoBack() {
myWebView.goBack();
return true;
}
return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}
//处理javascript中的confirm
public boolean onJsConfirm(WebView view, String url, String message, final JsResult result) {
Builder builder = new Builder(MainActivity.this);
builder.setTitle("confirm");
builder.setMessage(message);
builder.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok,
new AlertDialog.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
result.confirm();
}
});
builder.setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel,
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
result.cancel();
}
});
builder.setCancelable(false);
builder.create();
builder.show();
return true;
};
@Override
//设置网页加载的进度条
public void onProgressChanged(WebView view, int newProgress) {
MainActivity.this.getWindow().setFeatureInt(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS, newProgress * 100);
super.onProgressChanged(view, newProgress);
}
//设置应用程序的标题title
public void onReceivedTitle(WebView view, String title) {
MainActivity.this.setTitle(title);
super.onReceivedTitle(view, title);
}
});
● Android中的调试
通过JS代码输出log信息
Js代码
Js代码： console.log("Hello World");
Log信息： Console: Hello World http://www.example.com/hello.html :82
在WebChromeClient中实现onConsoleMesaage()回调方法，让其在LogCat中打印信息
Java代码 复制代码 收藏代码
WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
myWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {
public void onConsoleMessage(String message, int lineNumber, String sourceID) {
Log.d("MyApplication", message + " -- From line "
+ lineNumber + " of "
+ sourceID);
}
});
以及
Java代码
WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
myWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {
public boolean onConsoleMessage(ConsoleMessage cm) {
Log.d("MyApplication", cm.message() + " -- From line "
+ cm.lineNumber() + " of "
+ cm.sourceId() );
return true;
}
});
*ConsoleMessage 还包括一个 MessageLevel 表示控制台传递信息类型。 您可以用messageLevel()查询信息级别，以确定信息的严重程度，然后使用适当的Log方法或采取其他适当的措施。
● HTML5本地存储在Android中的应用
HTML5提供了2种客户端存储数据新方法：
localStorage 没有时间限制
sessionStorage 针对一个Session的数据存储
Js代码
<script type="text/javascript">
localStorage.lastname="Smith";
document.write(localStorage.lastname);
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
sessionStorage.lastname="Smith";
document.write(sessionStorage.lastname);
</script>
WebStorage的API:
//清空storage
localStorage.clear();
//设置一个键值
localStorage.setItem(“yarin”,“yangfegnsheng”);
//获取一个键值
localStorage.getItem(“yarin”);
//获取指定下标的键的名称（如同Array）
localStorage.key(0);
//return “fresh” //删除一个键值
localStorage.removeItem(“yarin”);
注意一定要在设置中开启哦
setDomStorageEnabled（true）
在Android中进行操作
//启用数据库
webSettings.setDatabaseEnabled(true);
String dir = this.getApplicationContext().getDir("database", Context.MODE_PRIVATE).getPath();
//设置数据库路径
webSettings.setDatabasePath(dir);
//使用localStorage则必须打开
webSettings.setDomStorageEnabled(true);
//扩充数据库的容量（在WebChromeClinet中实现）
public void onExceededDatabaseQuota(String url, String databaseIdentifier, long currentQuota,
long estimatedSize, long totalUsedQuota, WebStorage.QuotaUpdater quotaUpdater) {
quotaUpdater.updateQuota(estimatedSize * 2);
}
在JS中按常规进行数据库操作
function initDatabase() {
try {
if (!window.openDatabase) {
alert('Databases are not supported by your browser');
} else {
var shortName = 'YARINDB';
var version = '1.0';
var displayName = 'yarin db';
var maxSize = 100000; // in bytes
YARINDB = openDatabase(shortName, version, displayName, maxSize);
createTables();
selectAll();
}
} catch(e) {
if (e == 2) {
// Version mismatch.
console.log("Invalid database version.");
} else {
console.log("Unknown error "+ e +".");
}
return;
}
}
function createTables(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
transaction.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS yarin(id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL,desc TEXT NOT NULL);', [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler);
}
);
insertData();
}
function insertData(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
//Starter data when page is initialized
var data = ['1','yarin yang','I am yarin'];
transaction.executeSql("INSERT INTO yarin(id, name, desc) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", [data[0], data[1], data[2]]);
}
);
}
function errorHandler(transaction, error){
if (error.code==1){
// DB Table already exists
} else {
// Error is a human-readable string.
console.log('Oops. Error was '+error.message+' (Code '+error.code+')');
}
return false;
}
function nullDataHandler(){
console.log("SQL Query Succeeded");
}
function selectAll(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
transaction.executeSql("SELECT * FROM yarin;", [], dataSelectHandler, errorHandler);
}
);
}
function dataSelectHandler(transaction, results){
// Handle the results
for (var i=0; i<results.rows.length; i++) {
var row = results.rows.item(i);
var newFeature = new Object();
newFeature.name = row['name'];
newFeature.decs = row['desc'];
document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("name").innerHTML="name:"+newFeature.name;
document.getElementByIdx_x_x_x("desc").innerHTML="desc:"+newFeature.decs;
}
}
function updateData(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
var data = ['fengsheng yang','I am fengsheng'];
transaction.executeSql("UPDATE yarin SET name=?, desc=? WHERE id = 1", [data[0], data[1]]);
}
);
selectAll();
}
function ddeleteTables(){
YARINDB.transaction(
function (transaction) {
transaction.executeSql("DROP TABLE yarin;", [], nullDataHandler, errorHandler);
}
);
console.log("Table 'page_settings' has been dropped.");
}
注意onLoad中的初始化工作
function initLocalStorage(){
if (window.localStorage) {
textarea.addEventListener("keyup", function() {
window.localStorage["value"] = this.value;
window.localStorage["time"] = new Date().getTime();
}, false);
} else {
alert("LocalStorage are not supported in this browser.");
}
}
window.onload = function() {
initDatabase();
initLocalStorage();
}
● HTML5地理位置服务在Android中的应用
//启用地理定位
webSettings.setGeolocationEnabled(true);
//设置定位的数据库路径
webSettings.setGeolocationDatabasePath(dir);
//配置权限（同样在WebChromeClient中实现）
public void onGeolocationPermissionsShowPrompt(String origin,
GeolocationPermissions.Callback callback) {
callback.invoke(origin, true, false);
super.onGeolocationPermissionsShowPrompt(origin, callback);
}
HTML5中 通过navigator.geolocation对象获取地理位置信息
常用的navigator.geolocation对象有以下三种方法：
Js代码
//获取当前地理位置
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success_callback_function, error_callback_function, position_options)
//持续获取地理位置
navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(success_callback_function, error_callback_function, position_options)
//清除持续获取地理位置事件
navigator.geolocation.clearWatch(watch_position_id)
其中success_callback_function为成功之后处理的函数，error_callback_function为失败之后返回的处理函数，参数position_options是配置项
//定位
function get_location() {
if (navigator.geolocation) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(show_map,handle_error,{enableHighAccuracy:false,maximumAge:1000,timeout:15000});
} else {
alert("Your browser does not support HTML5 geoLocation");
}
}
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