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88HandwritingIdentification:FactsandFundamentalsFigure1VarietiesofupperandlowercaseLe...
88 Handwriting Identification:Facts and Fundamentals
Figure 1 Varieties of upper and lowercase
Letter designs for the letters"P,"and"t" suggested in
Writing manuals.
Style, to be used in certain certain positions within a given word.Some system offer optional allographs for the same grapheme.Thus,in cursive writing we have two commonly used designs for the letters"r,""t,"and"b,"
and as many as three designs for the "p,""B,"and"R,"(Figure 1).
Then too,as expounded below,individuals develop their own habits of mixing allographs (cursive,script,and/or lettered) depending upon the
position of the grapheme within a word,or upon the allographs that
Precede or succeed the particular grapheme.
The third leve in the descriptive hierarchy is the actual graph--the pattern of ink on the paper representing,for that writer,a particular
allograph.Any given allograph will be produced and perceived,in grossly or minutely different fashions,in the writing of different individual,or of the same individual on different occasions.These comprise the normal and natural variations between and within writers.
The graph,then,(i.e.,a written pattern or form) is a writer's rendition of an allograph(i.e.,a particular letter or character in cursive,script,or lettered style,in uppercase or lowercase design),respecting a particular grapheme (an abstract entity of a particular alphabet).
This language for reference to handwriting has now been adopted by scientists and academics around the would in reporting research studies.
As brault and Plamondon2 expressed it:
"...for any given word,each letter appears after having gone through three levels of representation:the grapheme(a concept of a letter without a precise form);the allograph(representing a precise type of letter);and the graph(representing the sequence of appropriate movements for the formation of the letter)."
There is,of course,a physical and final step that step that activates the specific muscles,in sequence,required to effectively form the graphs(letters)for the word.
We need not abandon the term letter when a precise descriptive level is not involved.The system is offered,indeed recommended,for use when clarification of the nature of the character in process or occurrence is needed.
Handwriting examination is a study of graphs,that are the writer's graphic representations of a certain set of allographs.Different writers may have different concept,or 展开
Figure 1 Varieties of upper and lowercase
Letter designs for the letters"P,"and"t" suggested in
Writing manuals.
Style, to be used in certain certain positions within a given word.Some system offer optional allographs for the same grapheme.Thus,in cursive writing we have two commonly used designs for the letters"r,""t,"and"b,"
and as many as three designs for the "p,""B,"and"R,"(Figure 1).
Then too,as expounded below,individuals develop their own habits of mixing allographs (cursive,script,and/or lettered) depending upon the
position of the grapheme within a word,or upon the allographs that
Precede or succeed the particular grapheme.
The third leve in the descriptive hierarchy is the actual graph--the pattern of ink on the paper representing,for that writer,a particular
allograph.Any given allograph will be produced and perceived,in grossly or minutely different fashions,in the writing of different individual,or of the same individual on different occasions.These comprise the normal and natural variations between and within writers.
The graph,then,(i.e.,a written pattern or form) is a writer's rendition of an allograph(i.e.,a particular letter or character in cursive,script,or lettered style,in uppercase or lowercase design),respecting a particular grapheme (an abstract entity of a particular alphabet).
This language for reference to handwriting has now been adopted by scientists and academics around the would in reporting research studies.
As brault and Plamondon2 expressed it:
"...for any given word,each letter appears after having gone through three levels of representation:the grapheme(a concept of a letter without a precise form);the allograph(representing a precise type of letter);and the graph(representing the sequence of appropriate movements for the formation of the letter)."
There is,of course,a physical and final step that step that activates the specific muscles,in sequence,required to effectively form the graphs(letters)for the word.
We need not abandon the term letter when a precise descriptive level is not involved.The system is offered,indeed recommended,for use when clarification of the nature of the character in process or occurrence is needed.
Handwriting examination is a study of graphs,that are the writer's graphic representations of a certain set of allographs.Different writers may have different concept,or 展开
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