Question

用Ubuntu在linux下安装GCC，在配置的时候出现错误。请高手帮忙！

已经解压了，按照书上的两条命令执行后mkdir gcc-build cd gcc-build(书上说用来存放编译结果，然后书上就写了这条命令../gcc-4.6.1/configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-4.6.1
但我执行出现错误，如下。首先说明，我看了我系统下/usr/local/下好像没有gcc-4.6.1这个文件夹，在/usr/local/下也不能建文件夹。求高手帮忙！感激不尽
jxust@jxust-VirtualBox:~$ cd gcc-build
jxust@jxust-VirtualBox:~/gcc-build$ ../gcc-4.6.1/configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-4.6.1
checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether ln works... yes
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking for gcc... gcc
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of executables...
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for g++... no
checking for c++... no
checking for gpp... no
checking for aCC... no
checking for CC... no
checking for cxx... no
checking for cc++... no
checking for cl.exe... no
checking for FCC... no
checking for KCC... no
checking for RCC... no
checking for xlC_r... no
checking for xlC... no
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... no
checking whether g++ accepts -g... no
checking for gnatbind... no
checking for gnatmake... no
checking whether compiler driver understands Ada... no
checking how to compare bootstrapped objects... cmp --ignore-initial=16 $$f1 $$f2
checking for objdir... .libs
checking for the correct version of gmp.h... no
configure: error: Building GCC requires GMP 4.2+, MPFR 2.3.1+ and MPC 0.8.0+.
Try the --with-gmp, --with-mpfr and/or --with-mpc options to specify
their locations. Source code for these libraries can be found at
their respective hosting sites as well as at
ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/. See also
http://gcc.gnu.org/install/prerequisites.html for additional info. If
you obtained GMP, MPFR and/or MPC from a vendor distribution package,
make sure that you have installed both the libraries and the header
files. They may be located in separate packages.
jxust@jxust-VirtualBox:~/gcc-build$
jxust@jxust-VirtualBox:~$ cd gcc-build
jxust@jxust-VirtualBox:~/gcc-build$ su
密码：
masu：认证失败
jxust@jxust-VirtualBox:~/gcc-build$ make install
make[1]: 正在进入目录 `/home/jxust/gcc-build'
/bin/bash ../gcc-4.6.1/mkinstalldirs /usr/local/gcc-4.6.1 /usr/local/gcc-4.6.1
mkdir -p -- /usr/local/gcc-4.6.1 /usr/local/gcc-4.6.1
mkdir: 无法创建目录 “/usr/local/gcc-4.6.1”: 权限不够
mkdir: 无法创建目录 “/usr/local/gcc-4.6.1”: 权限不够
make[1]: *** [installdirs] 错误 1
make[1]:正在离开目录 `/home/jxust/gcc-build'
make: *** [install] 错误 2

Answer 1

缺少相关联的库文件 GMP MPFR MPC
这句话很明显的提示了问题所在：configure: error: Building GCC requires GMP 4.2+, MPFR 2.3.1+ and MPC 0.8.0+.

追问

在新立得软件包里我搜索了MPC，但选哪个来安装呢

追答

找需要的版本就好了啊 新立得会自动帮助解决依赖问题的 实在不知道装哪个就挑版本最新的装 要么全装上也行

追问

已经编译成功了，但安装的时候出现了错误，见问题补充。
用的是命令 su 输入密码 make install
怎么解决？

追答

你输入的密码不对， su 是切换到root用户 你的密码填错了吧？从下边的提示来看并没有成功切换到root账户，还是当前用户，而当前用户又没有足够的权限
我的建议是不要su 直接用sudo make install就可以了 ubuntu应该已经默认为你的用户添加了sudo用户组的

追问

安装好了，但书上说gcc并不在系统的查找目录，因此每次都需要输入新的GCC完整路径，然后提供了一种解决方法,用如下命令
cd /usr/local/bin
ln -s /usr/local/gcc-4.6.1/bin/gcc gcc4
ln -s /usr/local/gcc-4.6.1/bin/g++ g++4
lx -s /usr/local/gcc-4.6.1/bin/gcj gcj4
但出现了错误
ln: 创建符号链接 “gcc4”: 权限不够

追答

权限不够就用sudo ln -s.....
sudo很好很强大

Answer 2

sudo mkdir /usr/local/gcc-4.6.1 建文件夹

Answer 3

后面的数字随机应变啊

追问

那个数字是按照我所安装的版本来写的

Answer 4

设置 好 源

直接安装 更新 就可以了