python写的测试框架怎么使用

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#热议# 应届生在签三方时要注意什么？

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安装

>pip install -U pytest # 通过pip安装

>py.test --version # 查看pytest版本

This is pytest version 2.7.2, imported from C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pytest.pyc

简单的测试

让我们创建第一个文件，对个简单的功能进行测试。

#coding=utf-8# 功能def func(x): return x + 1# 测试用例def test_answer(): assert func(3) == 5

切换到测试文件所在的目录，通过“py.test”命令运行测试。

>py.test

执行结果如下图：

===================================================================

在一个测试类中创建多个测试用例：

#coding=utf-8class TestClass: def test_one(self):
x = "this"
assert "h" in x def test_two(self):
x = "hello"
assert x == "hi"

运行测试：

>py.test -q test_class.py

-q 为quiet。表示在安静的模式输出报告诉。加不加这个参有什么区别呢？读者可以对比一下两次输出的日志。其实，就是少了一些pytest的版本信息。

===================================================================

从Python代码中调用pytest

pytest中同样提供了main() 来函数来执行测试用例。

pytest/

├── test_sample.py

├── test_class.py

└── test_main.py

此目录为我们练习的目录，打开test_mian.py

import pytestdef test_main(): assert 5 != 5if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main()

直接运行该程序，sublime 中按Ctrl+B 运行。结果如下：

============================= test session starts =============================platform win32 -- Python 2.7.10 -- py-1.4.30 -- pytest-2.7.2rootdir: D:\pyse\pytest, inifile:
collected 4 itemstest_class.py .F
test_main.py F
test_sample.py F================================== FAILURES ===================================_____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________self = <test_class.TestClass instance at 0x000000000304F548> def test_two(self):
x = "hello"> assert x == "hi"E assert 'hello' == 'hi'E - hello
E + hi

test_class.py:11: AssertionError__________________________________ test_main __________________________________

def test_main():> assert 5 != 5E assert 5 != 5test_main.py:4: AssertionError_________________________________ test_answer _________________________________

def test_answer():> assert func(3) == 5E assert 4 == 5E + where 4 = func(3)

test_sample.py:9: AssertionError===================== 3 failed, 1 passed in 0.03 seconds ======================[Finished in 0.3s]

从执行结果看到，main() 默认执行了当前文件所在的目录下的所有测试文件。

那么，如果我们只想运行某个测试文件呢？可以向main()中添加参数，就像在cmd命令提示符下面一样：

#coding=utf-8import pytestdef test_main(): assert 5 != 5if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main("-q test_main.py") # 指定测试文件

运行结果：

F================================== FAILURES ===================================__________________________________ test_main __________________________________

def test_main():> assert 5 != 5E assert 5 != 5test_main.py:4: AssertionError1 failed in 0.01 seconds

那如果我想运行某个目录下的测试用例呢？指定测试目录即可。

#coding=utf-8import pytestdef test_main(): assert 5 != 5if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main("d:/pyse/pytest/") # 指定测试目录

创建运行测试脚本

有时候我们的测试用例文件分散在不同的层级目录下，通过命令行的方式运行测试显示不太方便，如何编写一个运行所有测试用例的脚本呢？ pytest可以自动帮我们生成这样的脚本。

>py.test --genscript=runtests.py

打开生成的测runtests.py文件：

sources = """eNrsve2S3EiSIDa3+jhtnvZ293Ra6SSdCZMUF0AzK1nk9OzM1nV2L4dNznKnm6TxY6dX1XVJVAJV
halMIAkgWVU3O2d6Ar3CPYQeQn/1QjKTf8UnAplZ7O6ZPTNxpiszgQiPCA8PD3cPD/f/449+9/5H
yds/W99M58v6fDqfl1XZzefv/9nbvxuPxxE8Oy+r8+jRy2dREq+bOt8siqaNo6zKo3hRV+1mRb/h
a1UsuiKPPpRZdFncXNVN3qYRABmN3v/R23+OLbRd/v6/ePOf/tmPflSu1nXTRe1NOxotllnbRq+7
PKlPfwMw0qNR
……"""import sysimport base64import zlibclass DictImporter(object): def __init__(self, sources):
self.sources = sources def find_module(self, fullname, path=None): if fullname == "argparse" and sys.version_info >= (2,7): # we were generated with <python2.7 (which pulls in argparse)
# but we are running now on a stdlib which has it, so use that.
return None if fullname in self.sources: return self if fullname + '.__init__' in self.sources: return self return None def load_module(self, fullname): # print "load_module:", fullname
from types import ModuleType try:
s = self.sources[fullname]
is_pkg = False except KeyError:
s = self.sources[fullname + '.__init__']
is_pkg = True

co = compile(s, fullname, 'exec')
module = sys.modules.setdefault(fullname, ModuleType(fullname))
module.__file__ = "%s/%s" % (__file__, fullname)
module.__loader__ = self if is_pkg:
module.__path__ = [fullname]

do_exec(co, module.__dict__) # noqa
return sys.modules[fullname] def get_source(self, name):
res = self.sources.get(name) if res is None:
res = self.sources.get(name + '.__init__') return resif __name__ == "__main__": if sys.version_info >= (3, 0): exec("def do_exec(co, loc): exec(co, loc)\n") import pickle
sources = sources.encode("ascii") # ensure bytes
sources = pickle.loads(zlib.decompress(base64.decodebytes(sources))) else: import cPickle as pickle exec("def do_exec(co, loc): exec co in loc\n")
sources = pickle.loads(zlib.decompress(base64.decodestring(sources)))

importer = DictImporter(sources)
sys.meta_path.insert(0, importer)

entry = "import pytest; raise SystemExit(pytest.cmdline.main())"
do_exec(entry, locals()) # noqa