求虚拟语气详解。

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2011-10-30 · 关注我学习会变得更厉害哦
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虚拟语气分为条件虚拟和愿望虚拟两大类,简单介绍如下——

一、条件虚拟

1、由连词引导的条件从句,常用的有:
* if/unless 如果/若非
* 3. even if / even though 即便
* in case:万一,如:
--You should bring an umbrella with you, in case it were raining; of cause there’s no rain today

2、省略 if 后的倒装虚拟,如:
* Were I you, What should I do?
* Had he been here five minutes earlier, he would have caught the train.

3、相关动词分词或短语充当连词
* 过去分词: provided,如:
--*We would pay the bonus provided the job had been completed on time yesterday. 如果工作在昨天按时完成的话我们会发放奖金的。
* 动词原形:suppose (that),如:
--Suppose (that) I were you. 要是我是你多好)。
* 现在分词:supposing,如:
--Supposing it were not Saturday tomorrow. 假如明天不是星期六(就好了)

4、介词 without 短语表示的条件,如:
--Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology would not have been achieved. 要是没有电脑的话,就不会取得当前这么多的先进技术

5、but tha t除非,若不是,如:
--They would have got in touch with us two days earlier but that there had been something wrong with the line. 若不是线路有问题的话,他们两天前就与我们取得联系了。

二、愿望虚拟

1、名词从句

1)提出建议、发出命令、提出请求、表示见解愿望,下面以suggest及其派生词为例:
宾语从句:I suggested that he (should常常省略) leave immediately.
表语从句:My suggestion is that he leave immediately.
主语从句:That he (should) leave immediately is my suggestion
同位语从句:My suggestion, that he leave immediately, has not been adopted.

2)用在it is … that 句式表示上述意思,如:
--It is important that he that he (should常常省略) leave immediately.

2、几种特殊的虚拟句式
* wish 从句,如:
-- I wish he knew what is happening there in his room. 要是他知道自己的屋子里正发生着什么就好了。(对此时此刻的虚拟)
--He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。(对过去的虚拟)
* would rather 从句
--I would rather you (should) come tomorrow.(对将来的虚拟)我宁可你明天过来(暗含你却来不了。)
* it is time 从句
--It is high time you had got up to have your meal. 你早就该起床吃饭了。(但是到现在你还没起来)
* had better 从句
--His mother had better he would have come the next day. 他母亲宁愿他第二天过来。

三、套式虚拟句

在表达某些信条的陈述或信仰的自白的时候,常用套式虚拟句。在这种虚拟句中,谓语动词不受人称和时态的约束,只以动词原形出现在句子中。以下是常见的套语:

1. 表示祝福
* God belss you 上帝保佑
* God bless my life / my soul! 我的天啊! 好家伙!
* God speed you! 祝你一路平安!
* Long live liberty! 自由万岁
2. 表示诅咒
* God damn you! 天杀的! 该死的!
* God forbid! / Heaven forfend!苍天不容! 但愿不会如此!
3. 表示发誓
* Far be it from me to … 我决不会…
* Suffice it to say that … 只要说…就够了。
* Come what may / will … 不管发生什么事情
4. 表示愿望
* God grant ...! 但愿...!
* So be it then. 那样也好
* Be that as it may … 尽管这样
5. 表示感叹
God help him! 唉, 真可怜!
Heaven help us! 苍天保佑!

关于虚拟语气的时态问题

一、条件虚拟句或特殊句式的虚拟
1、对现在的虚拟
* 主句 —— would/should/could/ought to + 动词原形
* 从句 —— 动词过去形式(动词 be 一律用 were)
2、对过去的虚拟:
* 主句 —— would/should/could/ought to + have done
* 从句 —— 过去完成式 had done
3、对将来虚拟,分三种情况:
1)实现的可能性不大 ——(should可省略,但是要注意只能用should 而不可以用其他情态动词)do;
2)实现的可能性很小 —— 过去时(did/were)
3)根本不可能实现 —— were to do

二、名词从句中的虚拟一律用“should + 原形”或者省略 should 直接用动词原形
midsummer1989
2011-10-29 · 超过11用户采纳过TA的回答
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虚拟句的结构一般是:虚拟条件句+虚拟结果句
在虚拟条件句中,虚拟 过去情况的,用过去完成时
现在情况的,用一般过去时
将来情况的,用should类助动词+动词原形、或者were/was
在虚拟结果句中,时态按虚拟动作的虚拟真实情况回答,是将要完成的,就用将来时,就已完成的就用完成时,是一般状态的就用一般时。
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