如何导入已有的外部数据库
我们平时见到的android数据库操作一般都是在程序开始时创建一个空的数据库,然后再进行相关操作。如果我们需要使用一个已有数据的数据库怎么办呢?
我们都知道android系统下数据库应该存放在 /data/data/com.*.*(package name)/ 目录下,所以我们需要做的是把已有的数据库传入那个目录下。操作方法是用FileInputStream读取原数据库,再用FileOutputStream把读取到的东西写入到那个目录。
操作方法:1. 把原数据库包括在项目源码的 res/raw 目录下,然后建立一个DBManager类,代码如下:
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package com.android.ImportDatabase;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBManager {
private final int BUFFER_SIZE = 400000;
public static final String DB_NAME = "countries.db"; //保存的数据库文件名
public static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.android.ImportDatabase";
public static final String DB_PATH = "/data"
+ Environment.getDataDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/"
+ PACKAGE_NAME; //在手机里存放数据库的位置
private SQLiteDatabase database;
private Context context;
DBManager(Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
public void openDatabase() {
this.database = this.openDatabase(DB_PATH + "/" + DB_NAME);
}
private SQLiteDatabase openDatabase(String dbfile) {
try {
if (!(new File(dbfile).exists())) { //判断数据库文件是否存在,若不存在则执行导入,否则直接打开数据库
InputStream is = this.context.getResources().openRawResource(
R.raw.countries); //欲导入的数据库
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(dbfile);
byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
int count = 0;
while ((count = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, count);
}
fos.close();
is.close();
}
SQLiteDatabase db = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(dbfile,
null);
return db;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.e("Database", "File not found");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("Database", "IO exception");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
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//do something else here<br>
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public void closeDatabase() {
this.database.close();
}
}
然后在程序的首个Activity中示例化一个DBManager对象,然后对其执行openDatabase方法就可以完成导入了,可以把一些要对数据库进行的操作写在DBManager类里,然后通过DBManager类的对象调用;也可以在完成导入之后通过一个SQliteDatabase类的对象打开数据库,并执行操作。
我的做法是 在程序的首个Activity中导入数据库:
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package com.android.ImportDatabase;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class RootView extends Activity {
public DBManager dbHelper;
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@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
dbHelper = new DBManager(this);
dbHelper.openDatabase();
dbHelper.closeDatabase();
}
}
此时在DDMS中可以查看到,外部数据库已经成功导入
在需要使用数据库的类里:
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package com.android.ImportDatabase;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class TaxiActivity extends Activity {
private SQLiteDatabase database;
ArrayList<CityClass> CITY;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
database = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(DBManager.DB_PATH + "/" + DBManager.DB_NAME, null);
CITY = getCity();
// do something with CITY
database.close();
}
private ArrayList<CityClass> getCity() {
Cursor cur = database.rawQuery("SELECT city.id_city, city.name FROM taxi, city WHERE city.id_city = taxi.id_city GROUP BY city.id_city", null);
if (cur != null) {
int NUM_CITY = cur.getCount();
ArrayList<CityClass> taxicity = new ArrayList<CityClass>(NUM_CITY);
if (cur.moveToFirst()) {
do {
String name = cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex("name"));
int id = cur.getInt(cur.getColumnIndex("id_city"));
CityClass city = new CityClass("", 0);
System.out.println(name); //额外添加一句,把select到的信息输出到Logcat
city.city_name = name;
city.city_id = id;
taxicity.add(city);
} while (cur.moveToNext());
}
return taxicity;
} else {
return null;
}
}
查看输出的结果: