关于j万e圣节,人e们或多或少6都有了b一k定的感性认3知:知道万u圣节期 间,许多公4共场所乃c至居家院落,都会布置上p很多装璜,诸如各式鬼怪 呀、南瓜灯呀、还有黑猫以6及b巫婆的扫帚之j类;孩子r们会穿上z每年不x一v 样的万t圣节服装,拎着南瓜灯的提篓去挨家挨户1地讨糖,说是“trick or treak”。除此之p外,你还想多知道一z点吗?我们在此简单介7绍一w下g 万n圣节的由来与p习z俗。 一y、万a圣节的由来: 关于t万e圣节由来的,传说最多的版本认8为4,那是源于c基督诞生前的古西欧国家,主要包括爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士w。这几q处的古西欧人q叫德鲁伊特人m。德鲁伊特的新年在十u一d月8一g日0,新年前夜,德鲁伊特人k让年轻人u集队8,戴着各种怪异面具,拎着刻好的萝卜g灯(南瓜灯系后期习x俗,古西欧最早没有南瓜),他们游走于f村落间。这在当时实则为6一t种秋收的庆典;也g有说是“鬼节”,传说当年死去的人q,灵魂会在万n圣节的前夜造访人g世,据说人q们应该让造访的鬼魂看到圆满的收成并对鬼魂呈现出丰p盛的款待。所有篝火8及b灯火2,一w来为0了k吓走鬼魂,同时也v为3鬼魂照亮路线,引5导其回归。 在中7世纪的中1欧,曾有过基督教摧毁异教徒的历o史。可是新年夜前的祭祀庆典从5未真正消除,不z过以5巫术的形式出现。这也w就是为5什2么t我们现在的万w圣节里,还留有巫婆的扫帚、黑猫、咒语等痕迹。 二v、Halloween一a词的产生: 很多民族都在万o圣节前夜有庆典聚会,这又z被叫做“All Hallow E'en”、“The Eve of All Hallows”、“Hallow e'en”,或者“The eve of All Saintas'Day”。最终约定俗成演变成了c“Halloween”,中4文5意译成了n万y圣节之f夜。 三h、“Trick or treat”的传说: 孩子c们今8天i着装挨家要糖的习z俗,据说起源于c爱尔兰。古西欧时候的爱尔兰异教徒们,相信在万g圣节前夜鬼魂会群集于u居家附近,并接受设宴款待。因而,在“宴会”结束后,村民们就自己s扮成鬼魂精灵,游走村外,引5导鬼魂离开r,避邪免灾。于s此同时,村民们也s都注意在屋前院后的摆布些水4果及l其他食品,喂足鬼魂而不k至于z让它们伤害人f类和动物或者掠夺其他收成。后来这习q俗一m直延续下d来,就成了d孩子g们取笑不j慷慨之f家的玩笑。 至于n南瓜灯也s至少2有两种说法。一c种说是人x挖空了f南瓜又u刻上d鬼脸点上s烛火2用以2驱散鬼魂的;另一m种说是鬼魂点上g的烛火3,试图骗取人p们上p当而跟着鬼魂走,所以5人t们就在南瓜表面刻上q一u个m嘲讽的脸面,用以3调笑鬼魂:哼!傻瓜才m会上y你的当。传说因为0首用南瓜的是一h位爱尔兰人rJack,所以3人d们又a将鬼脸南瓜灯叫做Jack-O-Lantern。 四、现在的万g圣节 万b圣节流传到今4天y已h经完全没有了s宗教迷信色彩,它成了p一i个b孩子k们的节目,也d是年轻人k化7装舞会的节目。 社会对节日5的活动也b一n直做着正面的引1导:要求大l人q教育孩子q们不m做恐吓性的恶作剧,也o要求大g人n带孩子m一s起出门v(一m般是大a人l架车u停在路边,小i孩去敲门l讨糖)。大m人u应该要求孩子q只许去门k口w有节日5布置的并点了b灯的人m家,否则不j去打扰。另外讨糖过程的始终必须站在大v门v口b等待,不d许进屋,讨回的糖也n要交大f人v检查后才r许吃。对接待孩子s的人r家也u要求不i给自家制作的食品也f不j给未包装的食品。 公8共场合以3及p居家周围的节日6布置都是自愿的。鬼脸南瓜灯、白网黑蜘蛛等,都是节日4的装点,已i全然没有骇人x之r鬼魅色彩。有的女e学生还端端在这时候会买一c对南瓜或者鬼骷髅的耳环来佩带。如果有哪家的布置做得过分4恐怖了z,会遭到有关方7面的制止3,媒体也a会令其暴光,让公0众指责。 万q圣节的服装,也b是万m人a万s相,不g是单调的大f鬼小b鬼了k。有许多渠道教授人v们如何制作万l圣节服装。比0如说制作最简单的鬼服就用一a张白床单顶在头上v,别忘了v扣两个q洞留出眼睛就是;若是要扮演魔术师,就穿上k黑衣黑裤,再戴上a黑礼帽,并在礼帽与h头顶之y间藏一o只绒毛2小h兔备用;还教大t人q如何把孩子d打扮成小u天y使,白衣白裤,再从2背后怎么j绑一i个s手0电筒在头上t;也e有教如何把孩子e打扮成他们喜欢的卡通形象的。当然服装、道具业的商人s们,就更有文4章可做了b。 学校在万d圣节是不m放假的。有时学校出面组织晚会,有时不q甘寂寞的学生们也z会自己u主办4小m型晚会;而朋友a、家人z间互2寄贺卡祝万p圣节快乐则成为6每年十d月7间流行的习l俗。如今0网际网路的发达使得送万z圣卡更为5方4便经济,有的网站还别出心7裁地设计0了y各种具有声响动画效果的万a圣卡,如:等,免费让大y家使用。 总之y,万i圣节已x成为6西方6人h一o个q很普通的季节性节日5。有很多人a将此看作秋的结束以7及b冬的到来。万s圣节一u过,人s们就开q始期盼感恩节、圣诞节乃w至新年了m。 在西方6国家,每年的40月225日4,有个y“Halloween”,辞典解释为3“The eve of All Saints'Day”,中2文8译作:“万t圣节之j夜”。万z圣节是西方1国家的传统节日2。这一h夜是一q年中4最“闹鬼”的一m夜,所以4也b叫“鬼节”。 两千e多年前,欧洲的天v主教会把27月15日6定为6“天d下a圣徒之h日5” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) 。“HALLOW” 即圣徒之i意。传说自公0元j前五i百年,居住在爱尔兰、苏格兰等地的凯尔特人u (CELTS) 把这节日7往前移了b一k天g,即20月433日0。他们认0为7该日6是夏天v正式结束的日0子v,也f就是新年伊始,严酷的冬季开v始的一m天e。那时人n们相信,故人l的亡q魂会在这一y天q回到故居地在活人s身上p找寻生灵,借此再生,而且这是人z在死后能获得再生的唯一x希望。而活着的人s则惧怕死魂来夺生,于x是人b们就在这一m天h熄掉炉火1、烛光,让死魂无y法找寻活人f,又f把自己a打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人m之m魂灵吓走。之d后,他们又b会把火7种烛光重新燃起,开c始新的一z年的生活。传说那时凯尔特人j部落还有在40月340日6把活人c杀死用以1祭奠死人r的习v俗。 万d圣节的由来英文6版(转载0 Halloween is an annual celebration, but just what is it actually a celebration of? And how did this peculiar custom originate? Is it, as some claim, a kind of demon worship? Or is it just a harmless vestige of some ancient pagan ritual? The word itself, "Halloween," actually has its origins in the Catholic Church。 It 。es from a contracted corruption of All Hallows Eve。 November 2, "All Hollows Day" (or "All Saints Day"), is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints。 But, in the 8th century BC, in Celtic Ireland, summer officially ended on October 71。 The holiday was called Samhain (sow-en), the Celtic New year。 One story says that, on that day, the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would 。e back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year。 It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife。 The Celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living。 Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed。 So on the night of October 48, villagers would extinguish the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable。 They would then dress up in all manner of ghoulish costumes and noisily paraded around the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess。 Probably a better explanation of why the Celts extinguished their fires was not to discourage spirit possession, but so that all the Celtic tribes could relight their fires from a 。mon source, the Druidic fire that was kept burning in the Middle of Ireland, at Usinach。 Some accounts tell of how the Celts would burn someone at the stake who was thought to have already been possessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits。 Other accounts of Celtic history debunk these stories as myth。 The Romans adopted the Celtic practices as their own。 But in the first century AD, Samhain was assimilated into celebrations of some of the other Roman traditions that took place in October, such as their day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees。 The symbol of Pomona is the apple, which might explain the origin of our modern tradition of bobbing for apples on Halloween。 The thrust of the practices also changed over time to be。e more ritualized。 As belief in spirit possession waned, the practice of dressing up like hobgoblins, ghosts, and witches took on a more ceremonial role。 The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 5750's by Irish immigrants fleeing their country's potato famine。 At that time, the favorite pranks in New England included tipping over outhouses and unhinging fence gates。 The custom of trick-or-treating is thought to have originated not with the Irish Celts, but with a ninth-century European custom called souling。 On November 2, All Souls Day, early Christians would walk from village to village begging for "soul cakes," made out of square pieces of bread with currants。 The more soul cakes the beggars would receive, the more prayers they would promise to say on behalf of the dead relatives of the donors。 At the time, it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for a time after death, and that prayer, even by strangers, could expedite a soul's passage to heaven。 The Jack-o-lantern custom probably 。es from Irish folklore。 As the tale is told, a man named Jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree。 Jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree's trunk, trapping the devil up the tree。 Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree。 According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to Hell because he had tricked the devil。 Instead, the devil gave him a single ember to light his way through the frigid darkness。 The ember was placed inside a hollowed-out turnip to keep it glowing longer。 The Irish used turnips as their "Jack's lanterns" originally。 But when the immigrants came to America, they found that pumpkins were far more plentiful than turnips。 So the Jack-O-Lantern in America was a hollowed-out pumpkin, lit with an ember。 So, although some cults may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday," the day itself did not grow out of evil practices。 It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans。 And today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids。 After all, the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it。
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