英语中的助动词有哪些
助动词是英语语法中的一种形式,它负责帮助主要动词构成不同的时态、语态、及情态。以下是英语中常见的助动词:
1. Be(am, are, is, was, were, been, being)
“Be”是英语中最基本的助动词,它用于构成进行时态、完成时态和被动语态。例如:
- I am eating breakfast.(我正在吃早餐。)
- The book has been read.(这本书已经读了。)
- The cake is being made by my sister.(蛋糕正在被我姐姐制作。)
2. Do(do, does, did)
“Do”在英语语法中可以作为主要的动词,也可以作为助动词,它主要用来构成否定句、疑问句和强调句。例如:
- They do not like coffee.(他们不喜欢咖啡。)
- Do you play soccer?(你踢足球吗?)
- He did study for the test.(他确实为考试学习了。)
3. Have(have, has, had)
“Have”主要用来构成完成时态和完成被动语态。例如:
- She has written a book.(她已经写了一本书。)
- You have been helped by many people.(你已经得到了许多人的帮助。)
- He had gone to bed when I arrived home.(我到家时他已经上床睡觉了)
4. Will(will, would)
“Will”和“would”都可以用来构成将来时态及许多情态动词,不过“would”通常用于表达虚拟语气。例如:
- I will see you later.(我晚些时候会见你。)
- He would buy a car if he had more money.(如果他有更多的钱,他就会买一辆车。)
- Would you like some coffee?(你想来点咖啡吗?)
5. Shall(shall, should)
“Shall”通常用于构成一般将来时态,而“should”则有多种情态用法,如表示建议、必须、理论上等。例如:
- We shall go for a walk tomorrow.(明天我们会去散步。)
- You should see a doctor if the symptoms persist.(如果症状持续,你应该去看医生。)