Question

求翻译 英语达人进

The Indo-European Family
The languages thus brought into relationship by descent or progressive differentiation from a parent speech are conveniently called a family of languages. Various names have been used to designate this family. In books written a century ago the term Aryan was commonly employed. It has now been generally abandoned and when found today is used in a more restricted sense to designate the languages of the family located in India and the plateau of Iran. A more common term is Indo-Teutonic or Indo –Germanic, the latter being the most usual designation among Germanic languages. The term now most widely employed is Indo-European, suggesting more clearly the geographical extent of the family. The parent tongue from which the Indo-European languages have sprung had already become divided and scattered before the dawn of history. When we meet with the various peoples by whom these languages are spoken they have lost all knowledge of their former association. Consequently we have no written record of the common Indo-European language. By a comparison of its descendants, however, it is possible to form a fair idea of it and to reconstruct with approximate accuracy its vocabulary and inflections.
The surviving languages show various degrees of similarity to one another, the similarity bearing a more or less direct relationship to their geographical distribution. They accordingly fall into eleven principal groups：Indian, Iranian, Armenian, Hellenic, Albanian, Italic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Celtic, Hittite, and Tocharian. These are the branches of the Indo-European family tree, and we shall look briefly at each.

Answer 1

The Indo-European Family
印欧语系
The languages thus brought into relationship by descent or progressive differentiation from a parent speech are conveniently called a family of languages.
这些语言是在同一种母语言的基础上，进化或倒退出来的，简称语系。
Various names have been used to designate this family.
该语系有多种名称。
In books written a century ago the term Aryan was commonly employed.
一百多年前的书把这个语系称为印欧语系 （Aryan）。
It has now been generally abandoned and when found today is used in a more restricted sense to designate the languages of the family located in India and the plateau of Iran.
现在基本上已经不用这个词了。今天该语系被更具体地定义为印度和伊朗高原地区使用的语系。
A more common term is Indo-Teutonic or Indo –Germanic, the latter being the most usual designation among Germanic languages.
该语系更常见的名称是印日耳曼语（Indo-Teutonic或Indo –Germanic）
The term now most widely employed is Indo-European, suggesting more clearly the geographical extent of the family.
现在，因为该名称更明确地表明了该语系的使用地域，所以它在印欧大陆广为流传。
The parent tongue from which the Indo-European languages have sprung had already become divided and scattered before the dawn of history.
在人类文明之初，衍生出印欧语言的母语言已经派生出形形色色的子语言。
When we meet with the various peoples by whom these languages are spoken they have lost all knowledge of their former association.
当我们遇到说这些子语言的人时，我们已经感受不到那种远古的联系。
Consequently we have no written record of the common Indo-European language.
因此，我们没有任何印欧语言的文字记录。
By a comparison of its descendants, however, it is possible to form a fair idea of it and to reconstruct with approximate accuracy its vocabulary and inflections.
不过，通过把印欧语言与其衍生出的子语言进行分析，还是有可能证明这个逻辑并且大致重组其词汇和屈折变体的。
The surviving languages show various degrees of similarity to one another, the similarity bearing a more or less direct relationship to their geographical distribution.
现存语言间流露出千丝万缕的联系，这种联系或多少与其地理分布有直接联系。
They accordingly fall into eleven principal groups：Indian, Iranian, Armenian, Hellenic, Albanian, Italic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Celtic, Hittite, and Tocharian.
它们可按地理位置相应地分成十一大族：印度语族、伊朗语族、亚美尼亚语族、希腊语族、阿尔巴尼亚语族、意大利语族、波罗的语族、日耳曼语族、凯尔特语族、赫梯语族及吐火罗语族。
These are the branches of the Indo-European family tree, and we shall look briefly at each.
这些是印欧语系分支，以下是各个语族的简介。

Answer 2

印欧语系家族
　　这样的语言带进关系或进行性鉴别通过出生父母讲话方便称为家庭的语言。各种各样的名字已经被用来指定这个家。在一个世纪以前写的书,这个术语一般的雅利安人就业。现在,当发现一般放弃了今天是用于更严格意义上的语言来指定家庭位于印度和伊朗的高原上。一个更常见的术语是印度,后者是最平常在日尔曼语中指定。这个词现在大多数是印欧语系被广泛应用,表明地理范围更清楚的家人。家长的印欧语系的舌头已经成为公共绿地黎明前的划分和分散的历史。当我们遇到各个民族语言是被谁说这些他们失去了他们的前任协会所有知识。因此,我们没有书面记录常见的印欧语系的语言。通过比较它们的后代的,然而,它可能会产生一个公平观念,重建的词汇和近似精度变化。
幸存的语言,表现出各种不同程度的相似性,彼此相似轴承或多或少与其地理分布直接关系。他们因此落入11个主要组:印度、伊朗、亚美尼亚语、希腊、阿尔巴尼亚、斜体、日尔曼语,凯尔特人,赫人、埋藏吐火罗遗址。这是印欧语系家族树的枝条,我们应当在每一个看起来简单。