英语 名词复数形式
1、一般在名词词尾加s。如:dog-dogs, house-houses, gram-grams,officer-officers.
2、以s,ss,sh, ch及x结尾的名词加es构成其复数形式。如: kiss-kisses, watch-watches, box-boxes, bush-bushes glass-glasses.
3、 以o结尾,注意以下几点:
(1)一般在词尾加es.如:tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes.
(2)如果是外来语或缩写名词, 则加s。如:piano-pianos, dynamo-dynamos, photo-photos, kimono-kimonos, biro-biros.
(3)有些以o结尾的名词,其o前是元音字母则加-s。如:studio-studios, radio-radios.
(4)以oo结尾的名词只加s。如:zoo-zoos.
4、以“辅音字母 + y“ 结尾的名词,则先把y改成i,再加es。如:baby-babies, university-universities, fly-flies, impurity-impurities.
5、 下列以f或fe结尾的名词,须先将f或fe改成v,再加es。这些名词是:calf, half , knife, leaf, life, loaf, self, sheaf, shelf, thief, wife, wolf 等。如:wife-wives, wolf-wolves, calf-calves.(像roof等词直接加s,如果是初中阶段,掌握roofs一个特别单词就行了)。
6、 以下几个名词scarf, wharf, hoof, handkerchief等的复数形式,可先将f或fe改成v,再加es;也可直接加s
即scarfs或scarves, wharfs或wharves, hoofs或hooves, handkerchiefs或handkerchieves。
7、特殊变化,具体记忆:man-men,womam-women,child-children.
8、单、复数同行:鱼:fish,羊:sheep,鹿:deer,中国人:Chinese,日本人:Japanese。
扩展资料
英语上名词按可数与否可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词按数目又可分为单数名词和复数名词两类。(注:不可数名词没有复数形式如water(水)。)单数名词主要用来表示“一个”东西的概念。数量大于“1”就应用复数名词来描述。
名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
1、用复数作定语。例如:
sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系
2、 man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3、有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如:
goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产
customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷
4、 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:
two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
参考资料:百度百科-复数名词
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规则 例词
1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
2. 不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
规则 例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,
3 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff
5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants
规则 例词
1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
2. 不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
规则 例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,
3 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff
5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants