Question

灾害,如地震时如何应急自救英文作文翻译

Answer 1

中文：
避震知识

一、发生大地震时不要急。破坏性地震从人感觉振动到建筑物被破坏平均只有12秒钟，在这短短的时间内你应根据所处环境迅速作出保障安全的抉择。如果住的是平房，那么你可以迅速跑到门外。如果住的是楼房，千万不要跳楼，应立即切断电闸，关掉煤气，暂避到洗手间等跨度小的地方，或是桌子，床铺等下面，震后迅速撤离，以防强余震。
二、人多先找藏身处。学校，商店，影剧院等人群聚集的场所如果遇到地震，最忌慌乱，应立即躲在课桌、椅子或坚固物品下面，待地震过后再有序地撤离。
三、远离危险区。如在街道上遇到地震，应用手护住头部，迅速远离楼房，到街心一带。如在郊外遇到地震，要注意远离山崖，陡坡，河岸及高压线等。正在行驶的汽车和火车要立即停车。
四、被埋要保存体力。如果震后不幸被废墟埋压，要尽量保持冷静，设法自救。无法脱险时，要保存体力，尽力寻找水和食物，创造生存条件，耐心等待救援。
五、手机和充足点的电池放在身边备用。

地震后的个人自救方法

一次大震发生后，到处是断坦残壁，危楼及倒房构成的瓦砾堆。在没有外来人员援救之前，自救是一项与死神争分夺秒的斗争。时间就是生命，从历次大地震的经验得知，地震发生后，一天内扒出的人，救活率可达80%，第二吞们有30-40%，时间越长，存活率越低。地震对人身的伤害，大部分是倒塌的房屋所造成的，一旦被埋压后，要做到：
1.被埋压在废墟下时，至关重要的是不能在精神上发生崩溃，要有勇气和毅力。强烈的求生欲望和充满信心的乐观精神，是自救过程中创造奇迹的强大动力。
2.被压埋后，注意用湿手巾、衣服或其他布料等捂住口鼻和头部，避免灰尘呛闷发生窒息及意外事故，尽量活动手和脚，消除压在身上的各种物体，用周围可搬动的物品支撑身体上面的重物，避免塌落，扩大安全活动空间，保障有足够的空气。条件允许时，应尽量设法逃避险境，朝更安全宽敞、有光亮的地方移动。
3.被埋压后，要注意观察周围环境，寻找通道，设法爬出去，无法爬出去时，不要大声呼喊，当听到外面有人时，再呼叫，或敲击出声，向外界传信息求救。
4.无力脱险时，尽量减少体力消耗，寻找食物和水，并计划使用，乐观等待时机，想办法与外面援救人员取得联系。

地震后的群众互救方法

地震后救人，时间就是生命。因此，救人应当先从最近处救起，不论是家人、邻居、工作岗位上的同事，或是萍水相逢的路人，只要是近处有人被埋压，就要先救他们，这样可以争取时间，减少伤亡。震后救人的原则是：
1.在互救过程中，要有组织，讲究方法，避免盲目图快而增加不应有的伤亡。首先通过侦听、呼叫、询问及根据建筑物结构特点，判断被埋人员的位置，特别是头部方位，在开挖施救中，最好用手一点点拨，不可用利器刨挖。
2.如伤势严重，不能自行出来的，不得强拉硬拖，应设法暴露全身，查明伤情，施行包扎固定或急救。
3.在互救中，应利用铲、铁杆等轻便工具和毛巾、被单、衬衣、木板等方便器材。
4.挖掘时要分清哪些是支撑物，哪些是压埋阻挡物，应保护支撑物，清除埋压物，才能保护被压埋者赖以生存的空间不遭覆压。
5.清除压埋物及钻凿、分割时，有条件的要泼水，以防伤员呛闷而死。
6.对暂时无力救出的伤员，要使废墟下面的空间保护通风，递送食品，静等时机再进行营救。
英文：Avoid vibration knowledge

A big earthquake, don't worry. The devastating earthquake from people feel vibration to the buildings were destroyed an average of only 12 seconds, in the short time you should be based on the environment to make a quick guarantee the safety of choice. If you live in a bungalow, so you can quickly ran to the door. If you live in a building, don't jump off a building and should immediately cut off the switch and turn off the gas, escape to washroom temporarily little span of place, or table, bed etc and then leave immediately after the earthquake, in case the strong aftershock.
Second, many first find hiding place. Schools, shops, theaters the place of the crowd gather if there is an earthquake, the most avoid is panic, shall be immediately hide in the desk, chair or strong items below, wait for after the quake and orderly evacuation.
Three, away from the danger zone. If there is an earthquake in the streets, the application of the hand hold head, quickly away from buildings, and to the central town area. If there is an earthquake in the country, must pay attention away from the cliff, steep slope, the Banks and the high tension line etc. Are cars and trains to stop immediately.
Four, buried to conserve energy. If after the earthquake ruins unfortunately trapped, try to stay calm, managed to save his life. Unable to escape, to conserve energy, try to find food and water, create living conditions, patience, and wait for the rescue.
Five, mobile phones and enough points of battery in side. Set aside.

After the quake rescue personal method

An earthquake happens, is full of broken CanBi Tampa, dangerous and pour the rubble a room. In no foreign personnel before rescue, self-help is a with death struggle against the clock. Time is life, from all previous earthquake experience that, after the earthquake, in a day that steak, life rate can amount to 80%, the second the swallow has 30-40%, time to grow more, the survival rate is lower. Earthquake to personal injury, and most of them are caused by the collapsed buildings, once buried after pressing, to do:
1. Be trapped under the ruins, the most important thing is the can't mentally collapse, courage and perseverance. The strong desire to survive with confidence and optimism, is in the process of creating miracle save power.
2. The pressure was buried, pay attention to use wet towel, clothes or other cloth cover your mouth and nose and head, avoid dust choke stuffy choking and accident happen, as far as possible activities hands and feet, eliminate pressure on all kinds of objects, can move around with the support of the above items body weight, avoid collapsing, expand security space, ensure that there is enough air. Conditions allow, should try to escape danger, in a more spacious and bright, the safe place to move.
3. Buried after pressing, to watch the environment around, looking for the channel, managed to climb out, can't get out, don't cry out, when they hear there's someone, call again, or knock sound, and to the outside world a message for help.
4. Unable to escape, try to reduce energy consumption, looking for food and water, and plan to use, optimistic waiting for an opportunity, trying to get in touch with outside rescuers.

After the earthquake of self-and mutual-rescue method

After the earthquake rescue, time is a life. Therefore, save from recent shall first place rescued, both family, neighbors, work colleagues, or the swiftness of passers-by, as long as it is close to someone buried pressure, will first save them, so can strive for the time, reduce casualties. The principle of earthquake rescue is:
1. In the communal process, to get organized, method, avoid blind figure fast and increase should not have casualties. First of all, call, and asked by protected reliably against detective and according to the structure characteristics, judge buried the position of the personnel, especially the head position, in the excavation of the rescue, it is a little dial hand, not with whom dug tool.
2. Such as seriously, unable to come out of, shall not be strong to pull drag, should try to expose the whole body, find out the injury, and bandage fixed or emergency.
3. In communal, should use the shovel, iron and light tools and towel, bed sheet, shirts, board and convenient equipment.
4. When mining to tell which is provided, which is pressure buried the obstacle, should protect support, clear the trapped thing, to protect the pressure was buried the survival of space in the pressure.
5. Remove pressure buried objects and drill cut, division, conditional to rain on water, in case the wounded choke stuffy and die.
6. Is unable to rescue the wounded to, to make the space below the ruins to protect ventilation, delivering food, waiting time to rescue.

Answer 2

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