Question

求翻译~~~急急急！！！

翻译方法

1直译

直译就是在译文语言条件许可之下，既忠实于原文的内容，又保持原本的结构形式，语言流畅易懂，行文规范的翻译方式。直译的翻译策略在中西文化对等的情况下尤其适合，因为直译既能忠实表达原文内容，又能体现源语的文化色彩，生动而形象。

直译的翻译策略让读者直接接触另一种文化，甚至吸收转化为自己的文化，所以直译的方法还有利于文化传播。

2意译

与直译相对的另一种翻译方法是意译。意译，即从意义出发，不受原文词语的限制，不拘泥于原文句子结构，但依然要求译文恩呢过正确表达原文的内容，做到自然流畅的翻译文字。在某些情况下，为了避免直译造成的民族语言及文化的不可理解性，我们可以适当采取意译的翻译策略来弥补直译的不足及维持原作的完整性。

与直译相比，意译的策略更能让人能够体会出其真实内涵。意译不拘泥于原文字词顺序和形式，更加自由，运用和表达更加灵活，这一优势在跨文化翻译或交流中更能让人灵活地自由发挥，而不会致使僵硬不通和令人费解。

从跨文化视角看，意译的策略将各民族的真实文化真实的反映了出来，与直译的形象生动在本质上有异曲同工之妙。

3加注

某一颜色词在一种语言中友其丰富的联想意义，而在另一种语言中却没有这种联想意义，从而出现相对的联想意义空缺现象。由于英汉文化中不对等颜色词的存在，对于某些词语的翻译，我们并不能找到对应的词来恰当说明某一具有特殊文化内涵的用颜色来表达的词语。这是一种文化空缺现象，此时只能采取加注的策略。加注的使用情况是：初次介绍某种文化现象，或者只有把历史背景和典故出处说明以后才能充分表达原文的意义时，须酌情考虑增加注释，是原文的含义充分表达出来。

当然，加注使用得多了也会使读者读起来麻烦，不通顺。我们在使用时，只是在不得不对原文进行说明时才使用。但这种方法在跨文化交际中尤其是首次介绍一种文化时是很有用和有效的。

4替代

替代是用目的语中类似的词汇和结构来表达源语言中相应词语的意思。这种方法针对文化共性，在源语和目的语存在内容和表达意义非常相近时使用。

英国翻译家David Hawkes在翻译《红楼梦》时认为书中的“红色”对汉语文化的人来说，表示喜庆、幸福、吉祥等意思，但这些意象在英美国家人的眼中，却是意味着流血、危险或暴力，于是Hawkes在翻译涉及红色的词语时就做了一些变通，采用“golden”来取代“红”。虽然红色和golden是两个表达不同色彩的词，但对英美读者来说却是具有相近的意义。

因此，为了更好地达到跨文化交际的需要，我们可以适当地采取替代的翻译策略来加强人们之间的沟通和文化交流。

5零翻译

零翻译是一种为了克服语言间不可跨越的障碍，来保证翻译的真实性而采取的一种翻译策略。它是指仅仅从发音而非字义上来翻译，可以用于翻译某些人名、某个地方，直接音译即可。

这种翻译方法保留了源语的风格，但是这只适合某些特有人名地名的翻译，因为它们属于特色的民族文化。

综上，我们在进行跨文化翻译时，可以采取多种翻译策略。采取哪一种翻译策略则取决于哪种方法更适合当时目的语的需求。翻译不仅仅是语言间的单一，它同时也是一种文化上的翻译，我们在翻译时一定要注意这种文化因素。颜色词的翻译体现了翻译的跨文化性，增强了不同文化之间的的交流。

Answer 1

恕我冒昧，这么多内容 是不会有人给你翻译的。太牵扯精力了。

Answer 2

too young，too naive

Answer 3

Translation methods

1 literal translation

Literal translation is in the language under the conditions permit, already faithful to the original text content, and keep the original structure form, fluency to understand, the style of the translation standard way. Literal translation strategies in Chinese and western cultural equivalence of suits especially, because the literal translation can faithfully express the original contents, but also reflect the culture of the source language text colors, vivid and image.

Literal translation strategy let readers direct contact with another culture, and even absorb into their own culture, so the method of literal translation and favorable to cultural transmission.

2 a

And literal translation relative another translation methods is free translation. Free, that is, from meaning of, from the limits of the original words, is not tied to the original sentence structure, but are still demanding the proper expression? Well the content of the original text, do natural and smooth translation of words. In some cases, in order to avoid a literal translation cause the national language and culture to not understand sex, we can take a appropriate translation strategies to make up for the deficiency of the literal translation and maintain the integrity of the original.

Compared with the literal translation, free translation strategy for people to be able to experience more out of its real meaning. It is not tied to the original word order and form, more free, more flexible use and expression, the advantage in the intercultural translation or communication can let a person more flexibility to free play, and won't cause stiff impassability and incomprehensible.

From a cross-cultural perspective, free translation strategy will be the nation's real culture reflected the out, and literal translation of the vivid in essence the same wonderful.

3 charging

A color words in a language zhongyou its rich meaning, and in another language did not have the same meaning, thus presents relative meaning vacancy phenomenon. The translation of the color such as culture the existence of the wrong word, for some translation of words, and we can't find the corresponding term to properly explain a with special cultural connotation with color to express the words. This is a kind of cultural vacancy phenomenon, this time can only take notes in the strategy. Annotated histology sections of use is: first introduced a cultural phenomenon, or only the history background and literary allusions that can express the source after the meaning of original text, must take into consideration the consider increase notes, is the meaning of original text fully expressed.

Of course, charging use much also can make readers read up trouble, not smooth. We when use, just have to in the original text, to use that. But this method in cross-cultural communication especially introduced for the first time a culture is very useful and effective.

4 alternative

Alternative is to use the target language similar vocabulary and structures in the source language to express the corresponding meaning of the word. This method in the common culture, in the source language and target language exist expressing the meaning and content is very similar when used.

David Hawkes in British translators translation "a dream of red mansions" in the book when think "red" Chinese culture to the people, said the festival, happiness, auspicious meaning such as, but these images in Britain or America the eyes of the people, it is means that blood, dangerous or violence, so Hawkes in translation involves red words when it made some flexible, adopt the "golden" instead of "red". Although red and golden are two different colour to express the word, but it is in Britain and the readers with similar meanings.

Therefore, in order to achieve cross-cultural communication needs, we can be appropriately take alternative translation strategies to strengthen the communication between people and cultural exchange.

5 zero translation

Zero translation is a kind of in order to overcome the barriers between language cannot span, to ensure the authenticity of the translation to a translation strategy. It is to point to only from the pronunciation and not meaning up translation, and can be used in some people's names, translation somewhere, direct transliteration can.

This translation methods retained the source language style, but this only suitable for some special translation of names or places, because they belong to the characteristics of national culture.

In conclusion, we in the intercultural translation, may adopt the many kinds of translation strategy. Take what kind of translation strategy depends on what kind of method is more suitable for at that time the demand of the target language. Translation is not only a single between language, it is also a kind of cultural translation, we in the translation to pay attention the cultural factors. The color word translation embodies the translation across cultural, enhance the communication between different cultures.

Answer 4

enhance the communication between different cultures.

Answer 5

怎么不给自己100分呢