构成:have /has +done/been done
用法:1动作发物庆雹生在过去对现在的影响
eg:The possibility has been dismissed that he has liver failure.
2 动作开始于过去,一直持续差梁到现在
eg:How long have you lived here?
3在时间条件壮语从句中,用现在完成时替代将来完成时
eg:When you have finished the magazine,please lend it to me.
常用时间状语:1表示到现在为止:already ,yet ,just ,ever, never ,before ,since ,so far, until now ,by now ,up to now.
2表示最近:recentl,lately in the past/last few years
3包含现在在内的时间状语:this morning/afternoon,all the year ,all day
过去完成时
构成:had + done/been done
1. 由时间状语来判定
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。罩帆如: She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如: After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如: After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。 比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
话说楼主是初三吧。咱是高一的,互相学习!
楼主选我!!
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产蔽仔旁生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,宏橡更强调“过去的过去”。
区分技巧如下:
过去完成时
构成:had + done/been done
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他是我的好朋友。
i didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
He said that he had known her well.他说,他很了解他。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before我以为前一周我寄了那封信戚闷的。
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到英国后,他努力提高他的英语水平。
构成:have /has +done/been done
用法:
(1)当句子中有now时,经常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look,listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song. 听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week,these days等时间状语,这时常用现 在进行时。如:
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。
如:Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.
(二)从结构上区别冲庆 现在完成时:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (肯定式) 主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 (否定式) Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 (疑问式) 过去完成时:主语 + had + 过去分词 (肯定式) 主语 +had + not + 过去分词 (否定式) Had + 主语 + 过去分词 (疑问式)
(三)从时间 状语区别 现在完成时: 常用的 时间 状语包括 “now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。 过去完成时: 常用的 时间 状语包括 “by, at, before等构成的 短语”。 注意:当表示一段时间 ,现在完成段判裂时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的 状语。 例如:Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗? Yes, I have . I’ve just had it. 是的 ,我刚吃完。 I have had a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了。 Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗? The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时,会议已经开始 了。 We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term. 到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。 They had done the work at five o’clock. 在五点钟的 时候他们已经完成了那项工作。 I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李蕾已经三年了。 I have worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作。 We had not heard from him since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的 来信。 They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours. 这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了。
(四)使用时注意事项 使用现在完成时应该注意: 1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时,但和have/ has 为同一意义,即 “有”。 例如:Have you got a pen-friend? 你有笔友吗? Yes, I have. 是的 ,我有。 Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗? No, he hasn’t. 不,他没有。 2. have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的 区别 have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”; have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用; have/ has gone to则不可。例如: — Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过北京 吗? — Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的 ,他去过好几次了。 — Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤姆去哪里了? — They’ve gone to London. 他们去伦敦了。 3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间 的 状语”的 句型中。 这类动词有:come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够 用表示持续状态的 相应的 延续性动词替换句中的 终止性动词。例如: arrive, come → be here, be in begin, start → be on buy → have die → be dead fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill) finish, end → be over get to know → know get up → be up go out → be out join → be in , be a + 名词 leave, move → be away, be out of 使用过去完成时应该注意: 如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时。例如: When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing. 她 进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。 After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village. 在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子
翻译如下:
现在完成时和过去完成时最大的区别就是一个蚂源是过去,一个是过去的过去。
①现在完成时是指某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,或对现在有影响.是站在"现在''的时间点上.
例句:
I have had breakfast.我吃过早餐了.那么我现在就用不着再吃饭了,因为我饱了.这就是"have breakfast''对现在的闷罩态影响.
② 过去完成时则比现在完成时往前推了一段时间,即"过去的过去''.是站闷败在过去的时间点上.还是吃饭那句,如果我明天(或将来的任何时候)还要说这事,我就得说
I had had breakfast (yesterday morning./ect...)
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”。
区分技巧如下:
过去完成脊核时
构成:had + done/been done
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他是我的好朋友。
i didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
He said that he had known her well.他说,他很了解他。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before我以为前一周我寄了那封信的。
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到英国后,他努力提高他的英语水平。
构成:have /has +done/been done
用法:
(1)当句子中有now时,经常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look,listen开头的句樱野掘子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song. 听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week,these days等时间状语,这时常用现 在进行时。如:
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生脊桥动。此时也常用现在进行时。
如:Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.