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1.用had+过去分词
2.例句:She had visited china twice before she came here this year.她今年来中国之前已经访问过两次了。
2.例句:She had visited china twice before she came here this year.她今年来中国之前已经访问过两次了。
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过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
具体如下:
过去完成时的基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。可以用by,
before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。例如:
By
nine
o’clock
last
night,
we
had
got
200
pictures
from
the
spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200
张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,
since构成的时间状语连用。例如:
I
had
been
at
the
bus
stop
for
20
minutes
when
a
bus
finally
came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He
said
he
had
worked
in
that
factory
since
1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。例如:
Mr.
Smith
died
yesterday.
He
had
been
a
good
friend
of
mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I
didn’t
know
a
thing
about
the
verbs,
for
I
had
not
studied
my
lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如:
I
returned
the
book
that
I
had
borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
She
found
the
key
that
she
had
lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
(5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如:
He
said
that
he
had
known
her
well.他说他很熟悉她。
I
thought
I
had
sent
the
letter
a
week
before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)在包含有when,
until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。例如:
When
I
woke
up,
it
had
already
stopped
raining.我醒来时雨已停了。
She
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
she
had
finished
he
work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如:
After
he
arrived
in
England,
Marx
worked
hard
to
improve
his
English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
(7)动词think,
want,
hope,
mean,
plan,
intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。例如:
They
had
wanted
to
help
but
could
not
get
there
in
time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We
had
hoped
to
be
able
to
come
and
see
you
.我们本来希望能来看看你。
(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,
no
sooner…than…,
It
was
the
first
(second,
etc)
time
(that)…等固定句型中。例如:
Hardly
had
he
began
to
speak
when
the
audience
interrupted
him.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
No
sooner
had
he
arrived
than
he
went
away
again.他刚到就又走了。
It
was
the
third
time
that
he
had
been
out
of
work
that
year.这是他那一年第三次失业了
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
具体如下:
过去完成时的基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。可以用by,
before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。例如:
By
nine
o’clock
last
night,
we
had
got
200
pictures
from
the
spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200
张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,
since构成的时间状语连用。例如:
I
had
been
at
the
bus
stop
for
20
minutes
when
a
bus
finally
came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He
said
he
had
worked
in
that
factory
since
1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。例如:
Mr.
Smith
died
yesterday.
He
had
been
a
good
friend
of
mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I
didn’t
know
a
thing
about
the
verbs,
for
I
had
not
studied
my
lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如:
I
returned
the
book
that
I
had
borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
She
found
the
key
that
she
had
lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
(5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如:
He
said
that
he
had
known
her
well.他说他很熟悉她。
I
thought
I
had
sent
the
letter
a
week
before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)在包含有when,
until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。例如:
When
I
woke
up,
it
had
already
stopped
raining.我醒来时雨已停了。
She
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
she
had
finished
he
work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如:
After
he
arrived
in
England,
Marx
worked
hard
to
improve
his
English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
(7)动词think,
want,
hope,
mean,
plan,
intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。例如:
They
had
wanted
to
help
but
could
not
get
there
in
time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We
had
hoped
to
be
able
to
come
and
see
you
.我们本来希望能来看看你。
(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,
no
sooner…than…,
It
was
the
first
(second,
etc)
time
(that)…等固定句型中。例如:
Hardly
had
he
began
to
speak
when
the
audience
interrupted
him.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
No
sooner
had
he
arrived
than
he
went
away
again.他刚到就又走了。
It
was
the
third
time
that
he
had
been
out
of
work
that
year.这是他那一年第三次失业了
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