Question

求助! 英语翻译一段名词解释.

帕累托最优Pareto Optimality

帕累托最优是以提出这个概念的意大利经济学家维弗雷多•帕雷托的名字命名的， 维弗雷多•帕雷托在他关于经济效率和收入分配的研究中使用了这个概念。

帕累托最优（Pareto Optimality），也称为帕累托效率、帕累托改善，是博弈论中的重要概念，并且在经济学， 工程学和社会科学中有着广泛的应用。

帕累托最优是指资源分配的一种状态，在不使任何人境况变坏的情况下，而不可能再使某些人的处境变好。帕累托改进是指一种变化，在没有使任何人境况变坏的前提下，使得至少一个人变得更好。一方面，帕累托最优是指没有进行帕累托改进的余地的状态；另一方面，帕累托改进是达到帕累托最优的路径和方法。帕累托最优是公平与效率的“理想王国”。

一般来说，达到帕累托最优时，会同时满足以下3个条件：

交换最优：即使再交易，个人也不能从中得到更大的利益。此时对任意两个消费者，任意两种商品的边际替代率是相同的，且两个消费者的效用同时得到最大化。

生产最优：这个经济体必须在自己的生产可能性边界上。此时对任意两个生产不同产品的生产者，需要投入的两种生产要素的边际技术替代率是相同的，且两个消费者的产量同时得到最大化。

产品混合最优：经济体产出产品的组合必须反映消费者的偏好。此时任意两种商品之间的边际替代率必须与任何生产者在这两种商品之间的边际产品转换率相同。

如果一个经济体不是帕累托最优，则存在一些人可以在不使其他人的境况变坏的情况下使自己的境况变好的情形。普遍认为这样低效的产出的情况是需要避免的，因此帕累托最优是评价一个经济体和政治方针的非常重要的标准。

从市场的角度来看，一家生产企业，如果能够做到不损害对手的利益的情况下又为自己争取到利益，就算是帕累托最优，换而言之，如果是双方交易，这就意味着双赢的局面。

Answer 1

Pareto optimal on to the idea of Italian economists Weifulei? Pareto named, Weifulei? Pareto in his report on economic efficiency and income distribution on the use of this concept.

Pareto optimal (Pareto 1990s), also known as the Pareto efficiency, Pareto improvement, game theory is the important concept, and in economics, engineering and social sciences have a wide range of applications.

Pareto optimal allocation of resources is a state, not to any deterioration of the situation, but could not be certain that the situation is improving. Pareto improvement is a change in the situation did not deteriorate any person under the premise of making at least one person to get better. On the one hand, Pareto optimal Pareto is no room for improvement in the state; On the other hand, Pareto improvement is achieved Pareto optimal routes and methods. Pareto optimal fairness and efficiency is the "ideal kingdom."

Generally, to the Pareto optimal, we will meet the following three conditions:

Best exchange: Even if transactions, individuals can get more benefits. At this time two pairs of arbitrary consumers, the arbitrary two commodities is the same as the marginal rate of substitution, and the two consumers at the same time maximize the effectiveness.

Optimal production: the economy must be in their production possibility boundary. Production at the arbitrary two different products producer, need to be invested in the production of two elements of the marginal rate of technical alternatives is the same, and the two consumers at the same time maximize output.

Optimal product mix: economic output of the product portfolio to reflect consumer preferences. Arbitrary time between the two commodities the marginal rate of substitution with any producer of goods between the two in the same marginal rate of conversion products.

If an economy is not Pareto optimal, some people can not make others deterioration of the situation under its own good situation changed circumstances. This generally considered inefficient output is the need to avoid the situation, a Pareto optimal evaluation of the economic and political policy of the very important criterion.

From the market point of view, a production enterprise, can do no harm if the interests of the opponent again to fight for their interests, even a Pareto optimal other words, if the two transactions, which means that a win-win situation.