Question

一道英语选择题，高手指教

He was among the few people _______ the crash that happened yesterday.

A. to have survived B surviving C survived D. having been survived

答案是A. 高手说下为什么是A 为什么B不对？
有很多人选C. 这里不妨补充问一下， 过去分词，也就是v-ed结构做定语时有两种意思：
1） 表示被动含义 The book bought in the store is interesting.
2) 表示完成含义： 常见的有 fallen leaves 落叶
developed countries 发达国家
那么如果我们用v-ed来表示完成的含义， 适用条件又是什么？

Answer 1

一道英语选择题，高手指教
检举 | 离问题结束还有 14 天 0 小时 提问者：damnedsheep | 悬赏分：5 | 浏览次数：闹键121次
He was among the few people _______ the crash that happened yesterday.

A. to have survived B surviving C survived D. having been survived

答案是A. 高手说下为什或键么是A 为什么B不对？
答：在选答案之前，我想到的是定语从句who had suvived (in)... ,这个定语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时是为了说明它发生在主句was among ...这个表述时间之前，强调对当时的影响或结果。改成非谓语动词，因为不能用having survived 作后置定语，所液团巧以用了to have done 这个不定式的完成主动式。 C. 是过去分词表示被动，而people与suvive是主动关系。D.不仅不能作后定语，与C一样没有搞清逻辑主语people与survive的主动关系。应首先排除CD.
B.为现在分词的主动一般式。它表示一个正在发生或与主句同时发生的动作。与实际情况不符。

追问

这个回答很好，继续问下，不定式做定语有哪些条件？按照你的讲法那么下面的句子是否成立？
The accident to have happened yesterday is really terrible.

追答

理论上成立，实际上很不好，很少见。我没有这样的语感。感觉是为造例句而造的句子。实际上说：The accident happened yesterday (somewhere) . It was terrible. 或The accident which happened yesterday in somewhere was really terrible.每天都有很多accidents, 昨天也不例外。光用一个yesterday作限制性定语是不够的。最好再加上个地点状语作限定。不定式作定语，从用一般式表将来。不定式的完成式用作定语的很少。多为：sb. is said to have done sth. 这样的句型。

Answer 2

among the few+ to do 或
among the few+ who…
也就是说，He was among the few people to have survived the crash that happened yesterday.
或 He was among the few people who had survived the crash that happened yesterday.
这里的过去完成时判消表示过去的过去发生的掘指知事对过逗余去的影响。

Answer 3

He was among the few people to have survived the crash that happened yesterday.
选A正确友册磨，他是昨天发生车祸中幸免于难的少数人之一。完成 表事故发生过去对现在造成的影响是他活着；was + to v 表 将来，好斗即姿庆事故后来survive(幸存)的。多想想就是这样的。

追问

不定式的完成时to have done 表示的应该是发生在谓语动词前啊

Answer 4

A to have surved 应该是不定式做定语了修饰前面的people.

追问

问题是这里为什么能用 to have done 做定语呢？

追答

不定式完成时态做定语，表示的动作先已完成。

Answer 5

A （凭语李数简感） ,如果选c ，毕春缺少主语，哪裤应该加上who ，因为这儿的survived不是表被动，而是过去式，所以前面加主语who

Answer 6

选A