Question

初级微观经济学试题（英文）

____ 15. Assume that the government sets a ceiling on the interest rate that banks charge on loans. If the ceiling is set below the market equilibrium interest rate, the result will be
a. a surplus of credit.
b. a shortage of credit.
c. greater profits for banks issuing credit.
d. a perfectly inelastic supply of credit in the market place.

____ 19. Consumer surplus tends to be small when
a. demand is elastic.
b. supply is elastic.
c. demand is inelastic.
d. supply is inelastic.
____ 20. Producer surplus tends to be large when
a. supply is elastic.
b. demand is elastic.
c. supply is inelastic.
d. demand is inelastic.
____23. The deadweight loss from an economically inefficient situation is equal to
a. consumer surplus minus producer surplus.
b. consumer surplus plus producer surplus.
c. the consumer and producer surplus that people could gain by eliminating that inefficiency.
d. the increase in consumer surplus minus the increase in producer surplus that people could gain by eliminating that inefficiency.

____ 30. When the marginal product of labor falls, the marginal cost of output
a. falls, then rises.
b. becomes negative.
c. rises.
d. remains constant.

____ 32. Economies of scale
a. requires a change in the size of operations and therefore is a long-run consideration.
b. requires a more intensive use of existing plant and therefore is a short-run consideration.
c. means that a doubling of plant size will double output.
d. requires a change in the size of plant and therefore is a short-run consideration.

2. Is it possible for a factory to be too big?

Answer 1

仅供参考：
15. A 当政府制定一个低于市场均衡利率的利率“天花板”时，大家都会去贷款，因为在资金成本低，有获利空间，这个时候就会出现信贷过剩。

19. A 其他条件不变，需求曲线弹性越大，消费者剩余越小。

20. A 其他条件不变，供给曲线弹性越大，生产者剩余越大。

23. C 生产无效率将导致供给减少，价格增加，消除无效率可以增加生产者和消费者剩余。

30. A 当产品需要的边际劳动力减少是，按常理产品的边际成本先随着减少，后因为规模收益递减而增加。

32.A 经济规模的改变意味着固定成本的投入或减少，因此是一个长期问题。

简单题我已经在另一个问题中回答过了。

追问

只有15和20我们的答案是不一样的。15中credit是什么意思，贷款吗？20中我不明白，为什么弹性大，生产者剩余大？这里的弹性不是指 需求变化比价格变化的绝对值吗？

追答

15题你们的答案是什么？
credit这里是信贷、贷款的意思，比单纯的“贷款”要广义一点，也包括其他的授信行为，像承兑汇票这些也算。
20题我做错了，应该是“供给弹性小，生产者剩余大”，应该选C，做太快，19到20题没转过弯来。

Answer 2

1、a
2、d
3、b
4、d
5、c
6、a