Question

（（高分20＋追加30））求虚拟语气的全面解析及训练例题

同上，我需要对于虚拟语气全面详尽的解释（最好概括总结加例子），然后最好能附上对于虚拟语气训练的例题，越多越好（答案最好有）．．
如有详尽之答，尽释疑团，吾将不胜受恩感激！！！～～～～
（如果还有别的知识点的讲解，类似现在完成时等就更好了，谢谢！）
你的答案很好,不过可不可以再加一些有关区分一般过去式和过去完成时的区别.(最好有题)
如果可以,分一定给你

麻烦你,是一般过去和过去/现在完成的区别

Answer 1

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

If I were you, I'd take them away.

如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。

If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.

如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。

If I had time. I could come to help you.

如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.

他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。

He speaks to us as if he had been there.

他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。

虚拟语气的用法

1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。

May you be happy.

祝你幸福。

May you have a good time.

祝愿你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long.

祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

Have a good journey!

祝愿你旅途愉快！

You go out！

你出去！

2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气， 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。

I wish she would be on my side.

我希望她能站在我一边。

I wish I could help him.

我希望我能帮助他。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.

他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。

在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形

It's necessary that we should have a walk now.

我们有必要出去散散步。

It's natural that she should do so.

她这样做是很自然的。

It's important that we should take good care of the patient.

重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。

虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。

与现在事实相反的：

条件从句 结果从句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。

与过去事实相反的：

条件从句 结果从句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。

If I were you, I should buy it.

如果我是你，我就买了它。

If I had time, I would study French.

如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。

If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.

如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.

如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。

有关虚拟语气的几个问题：

1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。

Were she younger, she would do it .

如果她年青点， 她就会干的。

Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.

如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。

2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。

I could help you.

我本来可以帮助你。

If I had time.

我要有时间该多好啊。

She should have come to the party.

她应该来参加聚会。

If he had much more money.

如果他有更多的钱就能...。

3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.

如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

1``At last the meeting suggested all the sidespresent___to develop the area together.
A.allowed B.should allow C.were allowed D.be allowed```````D
suggest表建议时其后的宾丛要用虚拟语气！！！！即
should+动原

2``--It`s many years since Isaw youlast time.I___you at all.
--I wouldn`thave,either,if someone___you bythe name.
A.didn`t recognize;hadn`tcalled
B.didn`t recognize;didn`tcall
C.haven`t recognized;didn`tcall
D.recognized;had called
A对！（我很累！！）此句考察喊条件句的虚拟语气，由主句可制从句中谓语要用hadn`t called!
由语意：如果没人叫你的名子，我也不会认出你来！与过去事实相反。所以用A
虚拟语气强化训练
1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been
C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been
3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.
A. should call B. should not have been able
C. were not able D. are not able
4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.
A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
8. ____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won
11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.
A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.
A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling
13. I wish I ___________ with her.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were
14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone
15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his
17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.
A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
22. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
23. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.
A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
28. It’s high time they____________ this road.
A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend
29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .
A. should fall behind B. fell behind
C. may fall behind D. would fall behind
31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.
A. is B. were C. be D. would be
33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
34. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.
A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing
35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.
A. should send to B. should be sent
C. be went to D. must be sent to
36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent.
A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise
37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of
good to her.
A. takes B. must take C. take D. took
39. If only I ________ driving before.
A. learn B. learned C. had learned D. would learn
40. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.
A. If, didn’t leave B. Had not, left C. Hadn’t, left D. Didn’t, leave

答案
1 ~ 20: ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB
21 ~ 40: CDBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC

一、从结构上区别
现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （肯定式）
主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 （否定式）
Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）

过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词 （肯定式）
主语 +had + not + 过去分词 （否定式）
Had + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）

(二)从时间状语区别
现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。
过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “by, at, before等构成的短语”。
注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。
例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？
Yes, I have . I’ve just had it. 是的，我刚吃完。
I have had a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了。
Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗？
The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。
We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。
They had done the work at five o’clock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李蕾已经三年了。
I have worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作。
We had not heard from him since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。
They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了。
(三)使用时注意事项
使用现在完成时应该注意：
1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意义，即 “有”。
例如：Have you got a pen-friend? 你有笔友吗？
Yes, I have. 是的，我有。
Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗？
No, he hasn’t. 不，他没有。
2. have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别
have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ has
been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可。例如：
— Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过北京吗？
— Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的，他去过好几次了。
— Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤姆去哪里了？
— They’ve gone to London. 他们去伦敦了。
3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够
用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。例如：
arrive, come → be here, be in
begin, start → be on
buy → have
die → be dead
fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill)
finish, end → be over
get to know → know
get up → be up
go out → be out
join → be in , be a + 名词
leave, move → be away, be out of
使用过去完成时应该注意：
如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时。例如：
When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.
她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。
After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.
在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子。