英语句子里的各种成分

主语谓语宾语表语补语(有哪些)状语等各种成分如何判断?详细点的谢谢!... 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 补语(有哪些) 状语 等各种成分如何判断?详细点的 谢谢! 展开
匿名用户
2013-11-07
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主语便是句子的发出者谓语是句子中主语的动作宾语是承受着表语是连接在系动词后的,从功能上来说是主语补足语,就是补充说明主语的, 简单的来说主语是句子的开头,但是主语可能会很复杂,可能是从句或词组谓语。。。不多说,看到动词了,只要不是非谓语动词,就它了宾语与主语的情况相似只是是动作的承受者表语是跟在系动词后的词补足语分主语补足和宾语补足,主语补足好说,就是be动词或半系动词后的形容词性质的词,宾语补足比较难,情况很多,请告诉我你的英语程度,我再根据你学的类容讲解,好不好
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2013-11-07
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一.主语:主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1.名词作主语。 如:A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。)
Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)
2.代词用作主语。如:You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。
He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑
3.数词用作主语。如:Three is enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。
4.名词化的形容词用作主语。
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。
5.副词用作主语。如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
Carefully does it. 小心就行。
6.名词化的介词作主语。如:The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.
我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
7.不定式用作主语。 如:To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again.
如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。
8. 动名词用作主语。如:Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.
看电影是乐事, 制作影片则是苦事。
9. 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如:The disabled are to receive more money.
残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
The deceased died of old age.
死者死于年老。
10. 介词短语用作主语。如:To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.
从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。
11.从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.
你无论什么时候准备好都行。
Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to.
不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。
12.句子用作主语。如:”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。
二.谓语
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。
1.由简单的动词构成。
(1). What happened? 发生了什么事?
(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。
(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。
2.由动词短语构成的谓语。
(1). I am reading. 我在看书。
(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着?
(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。
3.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如:
(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水(had a swim 代替了swam)
(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个!(take a look 代替了 look)
(3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。(gave a sigh 代替了sighed)
(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。(a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分,彻底的))三.宾语
宾语(object)在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如:
Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。
可以用作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。
1.Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗?(名词)
2.They won’t hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。(代词)
3.If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。(数词)。
4.I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。(名词化形容词)
5.He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。(副词)
6.Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗?(不定式)
7.He never did the unexpected(想不到的,意外的).
他从不做使人感到意外的事。(名词化的分词)
8.Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗?(从句)
扩展:
宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语,即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者,间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人),具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb), 常用的有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等,间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用,通常放在直接宾语之前。如:I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。
四.表语
表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构钟,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以作表语的词有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
1.The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。(名词)
2.So that’s that. 就是这样。(代词)
3.We are seven. 我们一共7人。(数词)
4.Are you busy? 你有空吗?(形容词)
5.Are you there? 你在听吗?(电话用语)(副词)
Is anybody in? 里面有人吗? (副词)
6.All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。(不定式)
My answer to his threat(威胁) was to hit him on the nose.
我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。(不定式)
7.Complimenting(赞美,祝贺) is lying. 恭维就是说谎。(动名词)
Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗?(动名词)
8.I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。(过分)
I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。(过分)
9.She is in good health. 她很健康。(介词短语)
The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。(介词短语)
10.Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗?(从句)
11.This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。(从句)五、补语英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
一、主语的补语:它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分。常用主-系-表结构。
1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(第一个her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,第二个her做主语补语)
2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
-- Me. --我。 (me做主语补语= It's me.)
3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. (she做主语补语)
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
二、宾语的补语
1.不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.
2.名词
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.
3.形容词
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty
4.副词
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.
5.现在分词
We hear him singing in the hall.I found him lying in bed, sleeping.
6.过去分词
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.
定义 置于宾语之后补充说明宾语者叫做宾语补语(Object Complement)。
谓语动词需取宾语补语才能完整清楚地表达其句意者称为不完全及物动词(Incomplete transitive verb)。六、状语状语,就是动词的八个状态:时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度.
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。例如:
My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past.我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难生活。
She studies hard.她努力学习。
I am very tired.我非常疲倦。
二、什么可以作状语?
1.副词:Say again.再说一遍。
Suddenly it began to rain.天突然下雨了。
2.介词短语:
Please come here in the evening.请晚上来这儿。
He wrote with a red pencil.他用红铅笔写的。
3.动词不定式(或不定式短语):
He went to see a film.他看电影去了。
My father was surprised to hear the news.
我父亲听到这个消息,感到惊奇。
4.分词(或分词短语):
He sat there reading a novel.他坐在那儿看小说。
The students went away laughing.学生们笑着走开了。
5.名词:
Wait a moment.等一会儿。
It can go all day and all night.它能整日整夜地走。
6.状语从句:
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.
我一到那儿就给你写信。
He didn’t come because he had to stay at home to finish his home work.他没来,因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业。
三、状语的分类:
状语按用途可分为:地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。
1.地点状语:
The students are doing their homework in the classroom.学生们正在教室里做作业。
2.时间状语:
I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside.我在农村生活时,向农民学到很多东西。
3.目的状语:
They set out early so that they might arrive on time.他们早点动身,以便准时到达。
4.原因状语:
She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting.因为要开会,所以她不能回家了。
5.结果状语:
Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up with the others very quickly.李明学习如此努力,结果很快赶上了其他人。
6.程度状语:
I nearly forgot what he had promised.
我几乎忘记了他答应的事。
7.方式状语:
He came singing and dancing.他唱着跳着走过来。
8.条件状语:
If you work hard at English,you will do well in English.如果你努力学习英语,你的英语成绩就会好。
9.让步状语:
He went to school yesterday though he was ill.
昨天他尽管有病,仍上学去了。
10.比较状语:
Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One.
第二课不像第一课那样难。
四、状语的位置:
一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活,它可以处于句首、句中或句末。
1.状语位于句首:为了强调状语或者为了使它与上下文紧密衔接,通常把状语放于句首。
Tomorrow I am going swimming.明天我要去游泳。
Here in the cinema house,smoking is not allowed.
在电影院这里不准吸烟的。
2.状语位于句中:状语在句中的位置是:
(1)如果没有助动词,状语就位于动词前面。
I often go to see a film.我经常看电影。
(2)如果动词前有一个或几个助动词,状语位于第一个助动词之后。
He has already had his lunch.他已吃过午饭了。
(3)如果动词是be,状语就放在be动词之后。
He is always at home.他总是在家。
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