直接引语转换成间接引语中ASK要怎么变?再例举点其他词
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2014-02-21
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直接引语与间接引语(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)1.定义:A直接引述别人的话,叫"直接引语".B.用自己的话转述别人的话,叫"间接引语".间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句.直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号.2.例如:约翰说:"我喜欢看故事书."(直接引语)John said, "I like reading story books."约翰说他喜欢看故事书.(间接引语)John said that he liked reading story books. 一、考查直接引语变为间接引语后的时态变化 直接引语为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时、现在完成进行时时,间接引语应分别改为一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时和过去完成进行时。 例1 They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink. (MET1988) A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 解析 A 分析语境可知,后句为间接引语,本题考查其时态变化,认真分析语境不难发现直接引语中的句型与时态应为:It is+时间+since从句(一般过去时),it was 制约since,从句中的一般过去时应改为过去完成时。 例2 The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west to when he saw it. (NMET2000) A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 解析 A 分析语境逻辑可知,该句为间接引语,根据语境逻辑可将其直接引语假设为:When the reporter saw the UFO, he said, “The UFO is traveling east to west.”显然,间接引语应用过去进行时。 【方法揭秘】 审题时同学们应认真分析语境逻辑及动作发生背景并由此推出直接引语所用时态,然后根据其变化规律推断出间接引语适用时态。 二、考查利用直接引语判断特定时态的能力 直接引语往往表现为对话语境,讲话者讲话的时间就是现在,即其动作标准对照时间点为现在,不少高考试题借助直接引语所体现的特殊标准对照时间点考查考生对特定时态的判断。 例3 --- I'm sorry to keep you waiting. --- Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes. (NMET1994) A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 解析 A 分析语境可知,该句为对话体现的直接引语,其标准对照时间点为现在,因此该空应表示到现在为止我刚到几分钟,应用现在完成时。 例4 ---Who is Jerry Cooper? ---_____? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. (NMET1997) A. Don't you meet him yet B. Hadn't you met him yet C. Didn't you meet him yet D. Haven't you met him yet 解析 D 分析语境逻辑可知,该句为对话式直接引语,其标准对照时间点应为现在,因此该空应表示到目前为止你还没有遇到他吗?显然,该空应使用现在完成时,同学们不能受 “saw”的误导而将标准对照时间点定为过去某一时刻,从而选择过去完成时。 例5 --- Is this raincoat yours? --- No, mine ____ there behind the door. (NMET1997) A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung 解析 A 该句的对话式直接引语体现标准对照时间点为现在,因此该空表示此刻我的雨衣正挂在门后,因此应使用现在进行时。 值得注意的是,有时直接引语不一定非有对话做标志,分析语境逻辑可知其标准对照时间点为现在,高考常考查根据非对话型直接引语标准对照时间点判断时态的能力。 例6 I don't really work here; I ____ until the new secretary arrives. (NEMT1994) A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 解析 C 本题题干虽不属对话,但认真分析语境逻辑不难发现其仍为直接引语,标准对照时间点为现在,由此不难发现该空表示此刻我正在帮忙,因此应用现在进行时。 例7 You don't need to describe her. I ____ her several times. (NEMT1995) A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 解析B 分析语境逻辑和动作背景可知,该句为直接引语,标准对照时间点为现在,由此可推断出该空表示到现在为止我已遇过她几次,应用现在完成时。 【方法揭秘】 解题时应认真分析语境逻辑确定其直接引语的句子性质,然后再根据其标准对照时间点推断出适用时态。 三、考查直接引语变为间接引语后的句子结构 命令、请求式直接引语变为间接引语时,常借助ask/tell/order/ warn sb. to do sth.结构,高考经常考查考生对该句子结构的判断能力。 例8 Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _____ after drinking. (MET1991) A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive 解析 A 认真分析语境逻辑不难推出原直接引语为Mrs. Smith said to her daughter, “Don’t drive after drinking.”显然,这是一个命令型直接引语,间接引语应使用tell/ask/order/warn… sb. (not/never) to do sth.句子结构。 例9 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. (NMET1995) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 解析 A 认真分析语境逻辑可知,后半句原直接引语为but his mother said to him, Don’t ride your bike in the street.” 这是一个请求式直接引语,其间接引语应使用tell/ask/order/warn sb. (not /never) to do sth.句型。 例10 The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation. (NMET1996) A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 解析 C 认真分析语境逻辑可推断出原直接引语为The doctor said to the patient, “Don’t eat oily food after the operation.” 该句为命令型直接引语,其间接引语应使用tell/ask/order/warn sb. (not/ever) /to do sth.句型。 【方法揭秘】 解题时同学们应认真分析语境逻辑,从而推断出原直接引语为请求、命令式直接引语,然后,对照其间接引语所需tell/ask/order/warn sb. (not/never) to do sth.句子结构选择正确答案
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