Question

二、句子结构—平行结构、逻辑关系

Answer 1

平行结构有几种，但它们的共同点是结构内的平行的词也好，句子也好，要长短相同、词性相同，且具有同等的重要性。也就是说把相似的观点用相似的结构表达出来。所谓相似的结构是指：抽象名词和具体名词不要混用；动词的主动语态和被动语态不要混用；短语的结构要类似等等。

英语中有一些很有名的例子。

用并列连词连接起来的成分要使用平行结构： "and," "or"/"nor," and "but"

用关联连词连接起来的成分要使用平行结构：

-both... and

-either... or

-neither... nor

-not... but

-not only... but also

用在做比较的成分要使用平行结构："like" or "unlike,""as much as," "the same as," "different from,""greater than," "less desirable than," "more rapidly than,"

还有，同一系列的标题最好采用平行结构；First…Second…Third…，或者用序号标出来的部分最好采用平行结构。

这里的逻辑关系是指句子间的逻辑关系。作者指出，中国人的阅读习惯是，不依靠这些表示逻辑关系的词，也能读懂文字的意思。而如果中国人把这样的习惯带入到英语中，就会给英文的读者带来困难。在写英文时要多用表示逻辑关系的连接词，让自己文章的脉络更清晰。

各种表示逻辑关系的连接词：

-递进关系 addition or amplification: and, moreover, in addition,also, too, besides, furthermore

-对比关系 contrast or opposition: but, on the contrary, instead,but, yet, although, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in spite of

-因果关系 cause or effect: because, thus, since, so that, as a result, hence, therefore, for this reason, accordingly

-表相似 similarity: likewise, similarly, in the same way

-表目的 purpose: in order that, to this end, for this purpose

-时间顺序 time sequence: after, then, meanwhile

-逻辑顺序 logical sequence: in the first place, next, finally

-举例 illustration: for instance, as an example, specifically

-让步 concession: granted, to be sure, of course

-强化 intensification: indeed, in fact, surely

-重述 restatement: that is, in other words, as has been said

-总结 conclusion: to sum up, in short, in conclusion

以上就是我总结的本书的重点，虽然自己想做一个全面的概括，但是难免会遗漏一些知识点。或者我觉得不重要的点，对你来说却很重要。如果你有时间，真的推荐你好好读读这本书，并把书后的练习题也吃透，你一定会有所收获的。

也希望这篇总结对你有所帮助。