Question

英语中的"虚拟语气"是什么来的啊?

Answer 1

一、概念

[Subjunctive Mood]
中文译作"虚拟语气"。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。

二、语法结构
1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）

与..事实相反 If从句 主句
过去 Had done Would* have done
现在 Were/did Would* do
将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do

例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来]

备注：
（1）上表中’would*’可转换为should、could、might。
（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]

(3) if可转换为其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]
（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]
(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]
(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)

2、wish结构

与..事实相反
过去 Had done
现在 Were/did
将来 Would

备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.

注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。

例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.

He insisted that he was honest.

4、would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。

例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.

5、主语从句中的虚拟语气

1）It be + 形容词 + that ．．．（should）．．．

用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．

一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder．．．．

2）It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．．

用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。

3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．．

It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.

6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省
略。

例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.

What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?

三、使用范围及判断
1、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。

2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断

判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。

判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

3、“后退一步法”

后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：

1）与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。

2）与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。

3）与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。

主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。

例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.

If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.

四、注意事项

1.if条件从句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。

2、在现代英语中if条件状语从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。

3、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。

Answer 2

其实汉语中也有很多假设句。
英语中的假设句就是要用虚拟语气，相关的句型、词汇要做出调整。

Answer 3

If I were you ...这样就是虚拟语气，也就是假设的句子

Answer 4

假设.
比如假如我是总统之类的.

Answer 5

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
1.
lf条件句
对现在时态的虚拟
从句一般过去时
主句过去将来时（would
/could/should
do)
例句：if
i
were
you
，
i
would
study
hard
对过去时态的虚拟
从句过去完成时
主句would/should
/could
have
done
例句：if
you
had
come
five
minutes
earlier,
you
would
have
meet
him
对将来时态的虚拟
从句
if
主语+were
to
do
主句过去将来时
if
主语+should
do
if
主语+did
例句：if
it
were
to
snow
tomorrow
，what
would
we
do?
2.
接that从句表虚拟，要用should
do形式
这些词主要有：insist
/
advise
/suggest/
order/
command
/
require
/
request
/demond
insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。
例句：he
insists
he
is
a
student.
这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
3.
表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.
如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、wrong、better、a
pity等。
句型：it
is.......that
+从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型
或只用动词过去式。
4.
表示“早该做某事了”时,虚拟语气的结构为：it
is
(high
/
about)
time
that
+
主语+
动词的过去式/
should
+
动词原形
这些是比较常用的，如果还想知道的话可以再问