Question

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1．空壳公司。投资者借钱成立公司，在公司成立后，即将其投入的资金抽逃还债，企业实则是空壳。一旦公司经营失败，欠下债务时，公司根本不具备偿付能力，投资者以公司负有限责任为由拒绝承担赔偿责任。

　　2．虚假出资。虚假出资包括两种情形：一种是地方政府为了获得招商引资的政绩，明知投资者资金不足，仍然鼓励投资者设立公司，强迫工商登记机关予以登记，导致新成立的公司很多，账面上投资额不少，但实际投资很少；二是一些投资者采用欺骗手段，利用虚假的出资证明骗取工商机关予以登记。虚假出资不仅影响企业自身正常的经营活动，还影响企业对外清偿债务的能力。

　　3．利用公司被吊销逃避债务。一些投资人在公司负债严重的情况下，“故意不参加年检，迫使工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照，股东或出资者既不依法组织清算，也不向工商行政管理部门注销登记，而是以原有的营业场所、经营人员、董事会异地重新设立公司组织经营，并将原公司的主要业务转入新公司，以达到逃脱原公司巨额债务之不当目的。”实践中吊销营业执照已成为公司股东合法逃避债务的有效方式。

　　4．利用破产逃避债务。一些人在经营公司时（以下称甲公司），有意识地将公司资产抽逃出来办另外一个公司（以下称乙公司），然后将债务集中于甲公司，将利润集中于乙公司，当甲公司资不抵债时，申请破产，以此逃避债务。实践中企业破产已成为公司股东合法逃避公司债务的主要方式之一。

　　5．设立具有独立法人地位的子公司逃避债务。某些公司设立子公司不是因为业务的发展，而是为了分散经营风险或者干脆借助子公司敛钱。子公司表面上独立，实质上受母公司绝对操纵、控制，只是母公司实现其目标的“工具”。子公司的利润上缴母公司，母公司的债务下放子公司。当子公司“负下巨额债务或濒临破产时，母公司则假借子公司独立人格这块挡箭牌，拒绝对其债务承担清偿责任。”

　　6．股东强迫公司实施有损公司利益的行为。虽然股东也有损失，但从其他方面获得的利益往往超过其作为股东所受到的损失。

Answer 1

1Shell company. Investors borrow money was founded the company, in the company after the establishment, is the money spent smoke escape debts, the enterprise actually is a shell. Once the company business failure, owe a debt, the companies don't have the ability to pay, investors held limited liability company to refuse to assume liability to pay compensation.
.2 A false capital contribution. A false capital contribution includes two kinds of state: one kind is the local government in order to obtain the achievements of the investment promotion and capital introduction, knowing that the investors to lack of funds, still encourage investors to establish the company, forcing the industry and commerce registration authority shall register it, leading to new company many, many book investment, but the actual investment little. 2 it is some investors use tricks, the use of false capital contribution of diddle industry and commerce authority shall register proof. A false capital contribution not only affects the normal business activities of the enterprise itself, but also affect the ability of the enterprise to pay off debts
3Use company be revoked escape debts. Some investors in the company liabilities severe cases, "deliberately not to participate in the annual inspection, forcing the administrative department for industry and commerce shall revoke its business license, shareholders or contributive person neither organize liquidation according to law, and not to the administrative department for industry and commerce of the cancellation of its registration with the original, but the business premises, management personnel, the board of directors to set up different organization management company, and the company's main business into the new company, in order to achieve escape the original company of a huge debt improper purpose." Practice may revoke its business license has become the company shareholders' legal an effective way of escape debts.
4. Use of bankruptcy escape debts. Some people in the business company (hereinafter referred to as a company), consciously will flee out of the assets of the company do another company (hereinafter referred to as company b), and then will focus on a corporate debt, will profit on company b, when a company insolvency, file for bankruptcy, to escape debts. Practice the enterprise bankruptcy has become the company shareholders' legal escape from one of the main ways for the debts of the corporation.
5. Set up with independent legal person status, a subsidiary of the escape debts. Some company set up subsidiaries not because of the development of the business, but in order to spread risk management or simply by LianQian subsidiary. On the surface independent subsidiary, by the parent company in absolute control, control, but the parent company to meet its goals "tool". The subsidiary shall be handed over to the parent company profits, the parent company of debt down subsidiary. When the child company "negative huge debt or under bankruptcy, parent company is under the independent personality, the shield affiliates refused to satisfy his liability for its debts."
6. Shareholders force companies to implement company's behavior of interests. Although shareholders also have loss, but in all other aspects of profit obtained tend to be more than its by loss as a shareholder.