Question

谁能帮我翻译一下这篇文献！

Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery
Mark R. Prausnitz*
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
Received 9 September 2003; accepted 13 October 2003
Abstract
The success of transdermal drug delivery has been severely limited by the inability of most drugs to enter the skin at
therapeutically useful rates. Recently, the use of micron-scale needles in increasing skin permeability has been proposed and
shown to dramatically increase transdermal delivery, especially for macromolecules. Using the tools of the microelectronics
industry, microneedles have been fabricated with a range of sizes, shapes and materials. Most drug delivery studies have
emphasized solid microneedles, which have been shown to increase skin permeability to a broad range of molecules and
nanoparticles in vitro. In vivo studies have demonstrated delivery of oligonucleotides, reduction of blood glucose level by
insulin, and induction of immune responses from protein and DNA vaccines. For these studies, needle arrays have been used to
pierce holes into skin to increase transport by diffusion or iontophoresis or as drug carriers that release drug into the skin from a
microneedle surface coating. Hollow microneedles have also been developed and shown to microinject insulin to diabetic rats.
To address practical applications of microneedles, the ratio of microneedle fracture force to skin insertion force (i.e. margin of
safety) was found to be optimal for needles with small tip radius and large wall thickness. Microneedles inserted into the skin of
human subjects were reported as painless. Together, these results suggest that microneedles represent a promising technology to
deliver therapeutic compounds into the skin for a range of possible applications.

告诉我一下他讲的是什么！

Answer 1

我不逐字翻译了，大意是：
经由皮肤吸收的药物传导系统受到了大部分的药物无法以有治疗效果的速率进入皮肤的限制。最近，有人提出用微米大小的针头来增加皮肤的渗透性并且证实此法对大分子进入皮肤有极佳的效果。利用微米电子业界所使用的工具，微米针头可以用许多材料制作，并制成各种大小和形状。大部份的药物传导研究都著重於固体的微米针头，并且已经在实验室里证实可以增加皮肤对不同大小的分子和奈米分子的渗透性。在活体试验中，则已成功证实了透过皮肤完成寡核苷酸的吸收，胰岛素对血糖的降低，以及蛋白质和去氧核糖核酸疫苗的免疫反应。
（太多了，下次吧）
For these studies, needle arrays have been used to
pierce holes into skin to increase transport by diffusion or iontophoresis or as drug carriers that release drug into the skin from a
microneedle surface coating. Hollow microneedles have also been developed and shown to microinject insulin to diabetic rats.
To address practical applications of microneedles, the ratio of microneedle fracture force to skin insertion force (i.e. margin of
safety) was found to be optimal for needles with small tip radius and large wall thickness. Microneedles inserted into the skin of
human subjects were reported as painless. Together, these results suggest that microneedles represent a promising technology to
deliver therapeutic compounds into the skin for a range of possible applications.

Answer 2

Microneedles 为transdermal 药物交付
标记R. Prausnitz *
化工和Biomolecular 工程学, 佐治亚技术研究所学校, 311 Ferst 驱动, 亚特兰大, GA 30332-0100, 美国
接受2003 年9月9 日; 接受2003 年10月13 日
摘要
transdermal 药物交付的成功由多数药物的无能严厉地限制了进入皮肤在
治疗地有用的率。最近, 用途微米称针在增长的皮肤渗透性提议和
显示巨大增加transdermal 交付, 特别是为大分子。使用微电子学的工具
产业, microneedles 被制造了以大小、形状和材料的范围。多数药物交付研究有
被强调的坚实microneedles, 被显示了对增量皮肤渗透性对分子的一个宽广的范围和
nanoparticles 在试管内。活体内研究展示了低聚核苷酸交付, 血液葡萄糖水平的减少
免疫反应的胰岛素, 和归纳从蛋白质和DNA 疫苗。为这些研究, 针列阵被用于
刺穿孔入皮肤增加运输由扩散或iontophoresis 或当释放药物入皮肤从a 的药物载体
microneedle 表面涂层。空心microneedles 被开发了和并且被显示了对microinject 胰岛素对糖尿病鼠。
对皮肤插入力量(即边际演讲microneedles 的实际应用, microneedle 破裂力量比率
安全) 被发现优选的为针以小要诀半径和大壁厚度。Microneedles 被插入入皮肤
人类主题被报告了象不痛。一起, 这些结果建议, microneedles 代表有为的技术
交付治疗化合物入皮肤为可能的应用的范围。

Answer 3

微针透皮给药
马克r.相符*
学校的化学和生物分子工程，佐治亚技术学院的311 ferst驱动，亚特兰大，镓30332-0100 ，美国
收到2003年9月9日;接受2003年10月13日
摘要
成功的透皮给药已受到严重局限，无法大多数药物进入皮肤内
治疗有用的利率。最近，使用微米尺度的针头在增加皮肤渗透性已提议并
显示，从而大大提高透皮吸收，尤其是对大分子。使用的工具微电子
工业，微针已经制作了一系列的尺寸，形状和材料。最给药研究
强调固体微针，它们已显示，以增加皮肤的透气性，以广泛的分子和
纳米粒子的影响。体内研究表明交付的寡核苷酸，降低血糖水平
胰岛素，并诱导免疫反应的蛋白质和核酸疫苗。对于这些研究中，针阵列已用来
皮尔斯洞到皮肤，以增加运输扩散或离子导入或作为药物载体释放药物进入皮肤，从
微针表面涂层。空心微针也得到发展，并表现出microinject胰岛素来治疗糖尿病的影响。
以解决实际应用的微针，该比率微针断裂武力皮肤插入力（即缘
安全）被发现为最优，为针头与小端半径大壁厚。微针插入皮肤
人的主题报告为无痛性。总的来说，这些结果表明，微针是一种有前途的技术，以
提供治疗化合物进入皮肤，为各种可能的应用。

好了希望对你有用