Question

跪求高手翻译，不要在线翻译的，谢谢了··

1. Bid bonds. These are furnished with the bids and basically guarantee that the contractor will enter into a contract with the owner for the price of the bid. lf the contractor withdraws, he or she agrees to pay a percentage of the bid cost as stipulated in the bid documents-usually 5 t0 10 percent of the bid itself. There are certain situations in which the owner might not enforce this-for example, in the case of a clerical error that made the bid price many times lower than the prices of other bidders. The purpose of the bid bond is to ensure that a bidder doesn't withdraw his or her bid after becoming the successful candidate. If the bidder does withdraw, the owner will be compensated for the time it costs to get another bidder. Bid bonds are returned to all bidders upon acceptance of the lowest bid and to the lowest bidder after the contract is signed.
2. Performance bonds. These guarantee that a contractor will perform the contract in accordance with the terms of the agreement. If the contractor goes bankrupt or otherwise cannot complete the work, the bonding company becomes liable for it. However, liability is only for the cost of the contract and does not cover all the delays and indirect costs that usually result when a contractor pulls out in the middle of a job.
3. Payment bond. Also called labor and material bonds, these assure that the contractor will pay all bills, thus leaving the owner unharmed by claims and liens. When a contractor goes bankrupt, he or she usually leaves unpaid bills. The owner does not want to be left responsible, particularly for bills for materials, labor, and equipment that the defaulting contractor has already invoiced and been paid for. The payment bond is usually purchased at the same time as the performance bond from the same company and will cover the cost of unpaid bills in a default situation.
Because performance and payment bonds cost the owner money, they may not always be desirable. If the owner feels confident of the financial strength of the company or if the job is simple or short, a bond may not be necessary. However, with a complex, long-term project, it is sensible to require a bond. If one is required, it will be identified in the contract documents.
Insurance
There are many forms of insurance that a contractor can purchase to protect against risks during a construction project. Three are obligated by contract and law for the life of the project. Workers' compensation is a state law that compensates employees who are injured on the job. Comprehensive liability protects the contractor against third-party claims, and builder's risk protects against property damage during construction. A fourth type of insurance often carried by the contractor is umbrella liability. This works as excess coverage for the other three in case of a catastrophic incident and also boosts the coverage on all.

Answer 1

1、投标保证金。他常常和投标有关，主要是为了保证合约人和所有人就投标价目能够达成合约。如果合约人撤回资金，他或她必须依照投标文件的要求，支付一定比例的投标成本，一般是5到10个百分比的保证金。有可能所有人不强迫合约人缴纳这笔钱。比如，当因笔误而造成的投标价格相比其他竞标人少时。保证金的目的是保障投标人在成功竞标后不会撤标。如果竞标人撤标，所有人可以得到补偿，以弥补为找到下一个标主而耗费的时间成本。保证金在以最低价成交并签署合约后会返还给所有投标者。
2、履约担保。这保证了签约者会依照合约执行。如果签约者破产或因另外原因无法履行职责，担保公司将有义务完成合约。然而，担保公司的负债仅限于合约，而不包括延误，以及因为合约人中途撤资而造成的间接损失。
3、付款担保。也被叫做人力和资源担保，这保证了合约人支付费用，从而帮助所有人远离债权和留置危害。当签约人破产，他或她常常会留有未付账款。所有人总是不希望得不到付款，特别是对于资源，人力，设备这些拖欠账款的合约人已经下单，并且所有人已经给予的物资。付款担保常常和来自相同公司的履约担保一起购买，这样就能偿付因为拖欠账款而造成的损失。
因为履约担保和偿付担保用的是所有人的钱，所以他们不是常常被购买的。如果所有人对合约公司的经济实力拥有信心，或者这项工作简单，耗时短，这种担保就不需要了。但是，当这是一个复杂的长期项目时，去购买一个担保就比较明智了。如果购买了担保，在合约中就会被声明。
保险
为了预报工程项目中的风险，合约人有许多保险项目可以购买。这些保险在执行项目时，是受合同和法律保护的。工伤补贴是给在工作中受伤工人的补偿，它受法律保护。综合责任险可以保护合约人免受第三方侵害。船舶建造险保护了施工时的财产。第四种常常被合约人使用的是超额损失保障险。这种险可以作为第三方获得额外收益，以防止灾难，并承担一切费用