Question

定语从句省略关系代词的情况

Answer 1

定语从句中，如果关系代词作宾语的话可以省略，比如说：
I like the book (that/whcih) you bought for me.
The man (who/that/whom) he is talking with is from the USA.

介词提前就不能省略了。The man with whom he is talking is from the USA. 这里就不能省了。

希望能帮到你，不懂追问。

追问

那 the boy(who is) called Tom怎么解释

追答

省略who is 后就不是定语从句了， 是非谓语动词作定语了！
明白了吗？

Answer 2

1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成 分，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰、限定的词或短语，称为先行词。
4、定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
一、 限定性定语从句
　（一、）关系代词引导的定语从句
1. who指人在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
• 3. which指物在定语从句中做宾语时可省略
• (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
• (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that既可代表事物也可代表人。
关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，而当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语时，常常省略。
特别提示：
1．关系代词做从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
2．如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词常放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置。
3. that 的妙用：（只能用that的情况） that用法需补充
（1） 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时；
（2） 当先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that 常省略；
（3） 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
（4） 当先行词是序数词或最高级时；
（5） 当先行词中既有人又有物时；
（6） 当先行词前有the only / the same / the very / the last 修饰时；
（7） 当前句中已有which :
　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
　　 eg. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
　 whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替：
　　 eg. (1). The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
　　 The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
　　 (2) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
　　 Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
（二、）关系副词
　　关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which where=in which when=during which whose=of which
1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
2. when引导定语从句表示时间
3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物，当它引导的从句修饰物体时，可以与 of which 调换，表达的意思一样。
关系副词引导的定语从句：
　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
　　 eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
　　 eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.
　　3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
　　 eg. Please tell me the reason why you are late.
　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
判断关系代词与关系副词：
　　方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：　
　　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.　
　　I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.　
　　（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.　
　　（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.　
　　（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.　
　　（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.　
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
　　方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?　
　 　A. where　B. that　C. on which
　　例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where　B. that　C. on which
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，○1先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；○2 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

Exercises:
1. The man ____ is standing there is my father.
A. who B. whom C. which
2. Who was the man _____ spoke to you just now?
A. who B. whom C. that
3. Tom is the only person I can depend on.
A. that B. which C. who
4. It is the best film ____ she has ever seen.
A. that B. which C. when
5. Beijing is the 29th city ____ holds the Olympic Games.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
6. The football match ____ I watched yesterday is fantastic!
A. when B. that C. what D. who
7. China is a country has a long history.
A. who B. which C. where
8. The boy ___ I talked with just now is my best friend.
A. who B. which C. where
9. — The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it?
— Yes, it has built many schools __ those children can study happily.
A. where B. when C. which
10. We know Jackie Chan ___ movies are very popular with the young.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which

非限定性定语从句 ：
　　非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which，whose代表事物。
限定性定语从句 & 非限定性定语从句 区别：
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开
是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
翻译成先行词的定语， “…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词做宾语时可省略 关系词不可省略
关系词可用that；可用who代替whom 关系词不用that；不用who代替whom
可以用关系副词why表原因 不能用关系副词why，需用for which 代替

定语从句可以简化成短语。
① 定语从句为被动结构，可用过去分词短语简化。
e.g. I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. → I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
我买了一本鲁迅写的书。
② 若为主动结构，且为进行时态或从句表示经常性的动作和状态时，可用现在分词短语简化。
e.g. Tell the children who are playing there not to do that. → Tell the children playing there not to do that.
The house that stands at the corner was built in 1987. → The house standing at the corner was built in 1987.
③ 当从句中的谓语动词表示一个将要发生的动作或具有某种情态意义时，可简化为动词不定式。
e.g. We have nothing that we should fear. → We have nothing to fear. 我们没有什么事情可以害怕。
④ 当从句的谓语动词后是介词短语时，可简化为介词短语作定语。
e.g. The book that is on the table is expensive. → The book on the table is expensive.
7.关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)

[注意]
一、定语从句是复合句的重要组成部分。在定语从句中不管出现什么情况，主句的结构必须完整。试比较：
1. Is this farm ________ they visited the day before yesterday?
2. Is this the farm ________ they visited the day before yesterday?
A. which B. the one C. where D. what
简析：第1题中主句缺少表语，只有B项才能保持主句的完整性。故选B。第2 题的主句本身已完整，应填关系代词作定语从句中及物动词visit 的宾语。所以，正确答案是A。
二、在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重叠的成分。例如：
改错： Do you remember the book that I lent it to you last week?
简析：该题中的that 指代先行词book，在定语从句中充当了动词 lend 的逻辑宾语，故 it 应该删除。
三、解题时，首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置；根据定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分，继而选出正确的选项。例如：
Can you tell me the name of the factory ________ you visited last week?
A. what B. where C. / D. when
简析：本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备，而visit 是个及物动词，从语义上分析，factory 作visit 的宾语。故只能选C (引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略）。
四、解答"介词+关系代词 "类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ___D_____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。

Exercise :
1.Watch the girl and her dog ________ are crossing the bridge.
A. which B. who C. they D. that
2.Who________know him would believe him?
A. whom B .that C. which D. who
3.Which of the two cows_____ you keep produces more milk?
A. that B. which C. whom D. what
4.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone___ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
5.A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose D. of whose
6.The building ____ windows are bright at night is our school library.
A. that B. which C. whose D. of whose
7.I have heard from my father,______ is in America .
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
8.There is a mountain ___ the top is always covered with snow.
A. of that B. of which C. its D. that
9.I will hire the man ____ they say is a good English speaker.
A.who B. that C which D. whom
10.On the way I saw a student ____ I thought was your brother.
A.whom B. who C. that D. he
11.I can still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A.what B. which C. that D. where
12.I know the place ____ we can have a quiet talk.
A.which B. where C. wherever D. it
13.Nature,_____ gives supplies of food to every creature, is great.
A. who B. that C. whose D.it
14.Would you please put the box ___ it belongs
A.to whom B. to which C into which D. where
15.You may take ____ book you like.
A.which B. only C. whichever D.what
16.China is the birth place of kites,-___ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A.from that B.from here C. from there D.from which
17.He has to work on Sundays,____ he does not like.
A. and which B.which C. and when D.when
18. Is this museum ___ some German friends visited the day before yesterday.
A.Which B.that C.where D.the one
19.John was the only one __ I had visited.
A.which B. that C.whom D.who
20The doctor will speak to ___ comes in first
A.whoever B.whomever C.whichever D.whatever
21.Choose ___ you think is good .
s:A.Which B.that C.whom D.what
22.I gave him a warning,____ he turned a deaf ear.
A. of which B. for which C.to that D. to which
23.This dictionary, the few pages_____ are missing,is of fno use.
A.among which B.of which C.in which D.to which
24.Give this prize to _____ composition is thought excellent.
A.whoever B. whosever C. whomever D.whatever
25.This is a very boy____ parents were killed in the war.
A.who B. that C. whose D whom
26.She is one of the few girls who______ passed the examination.
A.was B. were C. has D. have
27.The teacher _______ is at that desk over there.
A.you should talk to B. you are talked to
C. whom you are talking D. whom you are talked to
28.In the dark street, there was not a single person_____she could turn for help.
A.that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
29.Who______ has common sense can believe such a superstition(
A.who B. which C. but D. that
30That is the town ______ he was born.
A.which B. where C. when D. why..
31That is the town ______ he was born.
A.which B. where C. when D. why