Question

100分求翻译,高手进,不要用机器翻译

“数独”(日语是すうどく，英文为Sudoku)

“数独”（sudoku）一词来自日语，意思是“单独的数字”或“只出现一次的数字”,所以数独又被称为"Number place"。概括来说，它就是一种填数字游戏。但这一概念最初并非来自日本，而是源自拉丁方块，它是十八世纪的瑞士数学家欧拉发明的。出生于1707年的欧拉被誉为有史以来最伟大的数学家之一。

欧拉从小就是一个数学天才，大学时他在神学院里攻读古希伯来文，但却连续13次获得巴黎科学院的科学竞赛的大奖。

1783年，欧拉发明了一个“拉丁方块”，他将其称为“一种新式魔方”，这就是数独游戏的雏形。不过，当时欧拉的发明并没有受到人们的重视。

1984年日本益智杂志Nikoli的员工金元信彦偶然看到了美国杂志上的这一游戏，认为可以用来吸引日本读者，于是将其加以改良，并增加了难度，还为它取了新名字称做“数独”，结果推出后一炮而红，让出版商狂赚了一把。至今为止，该出版社已经推出了21本关于数独的书籍，有一些上市后很快就出现了脱销。

此外，出版商还授权软件商开发了上百个数独游戏软件。供人们在网上购买。目前，日本共有5家数独月刊，总发行量为66万份。

数独游戏和传统的填字游戏类似，但因为只使用1到9的数字，能够跨越文字与文化疆域，所以被誉为是全球化时代的魔术方块。

数独游戏进入英国后，很多人立刻迷上了它。由于该游戏简单易学，而且初级游戏并不难，所以很多人在工作休息时间以及乘车上班途中都是埋头在报纸上狂玩数独。更有人宣称多玩数独游戏可以延缓大脑衰老。

目前，英国涌现出了大量的关于数独游戏的书籍，专门推广此类游戏的网站也纷纷出现，人们可以从网上下载数独软件到电脑，也可以把软件下载到手机上玩。

规则简单易掌握

数独的游戏规则很简单，9x9个格子里，已有若干数字，其它宫位留白，玩家需要自己按照逻辑推敲出剩下的空格里是什么数字，使得每一行与每一列都有1到9的数字，每个小九宫格里也有1到9的数字，并且一个数字在每个行列及每个小九宫格里都只能出现一次。

做这种游戏不需要填字谜那样的语言技巧和文化知识，甚至也不需要复杂的数学能力。因为它根本不需要加减乘除运算。当然，你也千万别小看它，并不是那么容易被“制服”的。当你握笔沉思的时候，这9个数字很可能让你头痛不已，脉搏加快，恼火不已。不过，当你成功填完所有数字的时候，你肯定会感到欣喜若狂。有数独迷宣称，做此类游戏，一名大学教授很可能不敌一名工厂工人。

看起来很像中国古代的九宫格。
翻译为英文

问题再挂一天,明天还没有结果就重新编辑再出题了.或者拆开成几段出题.

只要能翻译一半就给分，在网上找的资料我不能用

Answer 1

“数独”（）一词来自日语，意思是“单独的数字”或“只出现一次的数字”,所以数独又被称为"Number place"。概括来说，它就是一种填数字游戏。但这一概念最初并非来自日本，而是源自拉丁方块，它是十八世纪的瑞士数学家欧拉发明的。出生于1707年的欧拉被誉为有史以来最伟大的数学家之一。
the word "sudoku" come from Japanese, it means that"standalone number"or"the number that only appears once".In a word ,it is a sort of numbers games.But this concept did not come from Japan, it came from Latin square.Euler who is Helvetic mathematician in 18 AD invented it.Euler wao borned in 1707,he extolled as the man who is one of the grestest mathematicians.

欧拉从小就是一个数学天才，大学时他在神学院里攻读古希伯来文，但却连续13次获得巴黎科学院的科学竞赛的大奖。
Euler is a genius at mathematics when he was young. He study Hebraic words in seminary ,but he won the award continuous
thirteenth from the race of Paris's Sciences Academy.

1783年，欧拉发明了一个“拉丁方块”，他将其称为“一种新式魔方”，这就是数独游戏的雏形。不过，当时欧拉的发明并没有受到人们的重视。
In 1783,Euler invented a "Latin square".He called it" a new Rubik's Cube",this the sudoku game's rudiment.However,people not paid enough attention to this Euler's invention.

TAT 哭 偶尽力了……

Answer 2

这是关於sodoku及瑞士发明者的简介,你的太长了,你看能不能用吧!
When it comes to sudoku, there is no escape. The grids of these puzzles seem to shut down the mental apparatus, enclosing one's faculties in a tightly constrained universe — a 9 by 9 array that must be carefully filled up with the numbers 1 to 9, following certain rules.

That enclosure is hypnotic. Publisher's Weekly recently counted 23 sudoku books in print with total sales of 5.7 million copies. Newspapers wage circulation wars by running sudoku in their pages. And sudoku Web sites and forums proliferate internationally (for example, see sudoku.jouwpagina.nl). The teams in the first World Sudoku Championship — held in Lucca, Italy, in March — came from 22 countries, including the Philippines, India, Venezuela, and Croatia. The winner was a 31-year-old woman, a Czech accountant. The Independent of London recently reported that a 700 percent increase in the sale of pencils has been attributed to the sudoku craze. Last November, British Airways sent a memo to all its cabin crews, forbidding them to work on sudoku puzzles during takeoffs and landings.

The international appeal, of course, may have something to do with the fact that no language is needed to solve sudoku puzzles; neither, for that matter, is any mathematics. The puzzler is given an 81-square grid, with about 20 squares filled in (the "givens"). That large grid is itself divided into nine 3 x 3 grids. The challenge is to fill in the blanks so that each nine-cell row, each nine-cell column and each nine-cell mini-grid contains all the numbers from 1 to 9, with no repetitions or omissions.

This is not a novel challenge. Magic squares of various kinds were part of many ancient cultures. Benjamin Franklin published a paper about magic squares, and he obsessively fiddled with them during the same years he was helping to form a more perfect union. The 18th-century Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler studied the properties of Latin Squares in which each row and column would contain a complete list of the elements of a set of numbers or letters.

Sudoku-style puzzles — which add the twist of the mini-grids within a larger array — were titled Number Place when they began appearing anonymously in 1979 in the periodical Dell Pencil Puzzles and Word Games. Will Shortz, the crossword puzzle editor of The New York Times, deduced the author's identity with sudoku-style argument: anytime the Dell publication contained one of these puzzles — and never otherwise — the list of contributors included Howard Garns, an architect from Indianapolis; Mr. Garns died in 1989.

The American-born puzzles made their way to Japan in 1984, where the publisher Nikoli ended up calling them sudoku — meaning single numbers. And in 1997, Wayne Gould, a New Zealander who had served as a judge in Hong Kong, came across them while vacationing in Tokyo. In 2004 he successfully lobbied The Times of London to introduce the puzzles to Britain, beginning the craze in the West. Strangely, in Japan, where Nikoli has trademark control over the name sudoku, the puzzles are still familiarly known by the English title Number Place, while in the English-speaking work, their Japanese pedigree is widely assumed.

But what is their lure? A mathematician I spoke with dismissed the puzzles as mere "bookkeeping" — keeping track of where things go. And there surely is some of that, since one technique for solving them involves tentatively writing miniature numbers in each little square to figure out the various possibilities. The grid for a difficult puzzle can begin to look like the first draft of a major corporation's balance sheet. This is hardly higher mathematics. In fact, numbers are hardly necessary: the same puzzle can be posed using nine colors or nine national flags.

Yet mathematicians have been taking more of an interest in sudoku — not necessarily in solving the puzzles, but in understanding more about their character. In a recent essay in The American Scientist, Brian Hayes described the difficulty of determining the difficulty of these puzzles: it bears little connection with how many numbers are given at the start. And while numbers are really not that important to sudoku itself, they certainly proliferate in discussions about it. In MathWorld, an online mathematical journal (mathworld.wolfram.com), Eric W. Weisstein cited research showing that 6,670,903,752,021,072,936,960 completed grids are possible for sudoku puzzles, though only 5,472,730,538 unique grids remain once equivalent solutions are eliminated.

In a September 2005 column by Ed Pegg Jr. on the site of the Mathematical Association of America (maa.org/news/mathgames.html) also pointed out that the graph theorist Gordon Royle had collected more than 10,000 sudoku puzzles, each with 17 givens. That may be the smallest number of givens that will yield unique solutions (any fewer givens will allow multiple answers), though apparently that hypothesis has not yet been proven. The exhaustive Wikipedia article on sudoku goes into even greater detail (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudoku).

What many of these studies focus on, though, is how many sudoku possibilities there are. Each puzzle, using only the simplest of elements, combined according to the simplest of rules, pulls a single solution out of a mind-boggling number of possibilities. The puzzle is an act of reduction and elimination.

Often, in solving a puzzle, we work toward an answer, accumulating information. Something must be calculated or produced. In a crossword puzzle, the words have to be pulled out of one's experience. Here, though, each square has only nine possibilities and the work mainly involves not finding the possible but eliminating the impossible, filtering away everything that does not fit — ruling out the number 4 for a particular square, for example, if a 4 appears in the same row or column or mini-grid. Sudoku does not open up into the world; it reduces the world to its boundaries, forcing everything extraneous to be discarded. There is something more technological about it than mathematical: we know what we must produce; the problem is in getting rid of everything that doesn't fit.

This must help account for sudoku's tremendous appeal: it seems to distill complication into elemental clarity, even when that task becomes difficult. On the blog onigame.livejournal.com, the puzzle master Wei-Hwa Huang (who came in third at the world competition in March) devised a unusual system, using colored loops, for solving sudoku that is more knotty than seems possible given the puzzle itself. But the solution is still something easily understood once complete. And it is always immensely satisfying, because finally, all impossibilities have been eliminated, leaving behind a neat array of 81 numbers, that however improbably reveal the trivial truth.

Answer 3

等我一年吧，现在还没有这能力，一年之后，我想搞定这小玩意应该是No problem.

Answer 4

也太长了点，你还是参考楼上的吧

Answer 5

翻译成什么文？
英文？日文？