Question

请英语达人帮忙翻译一下这个课件，不要翻译器出的！小弟叩拜半分钟感谢

天然气净化设备维护保养 目录 一、泵 （一）、泵的定义及分类（二）、处理厂使用的泵的结构、工作原理、维护检修及其常见故障 1、离心泵 2、往复泵 3、计量泵 4、螺杆泵 5、齿轮泵（三）、泵的日常检维修程序
（一）、泵的定义及分类• 泵是把原动机的机械能转换为液体的能量的机器。原动机（电动机、柴油机等）通过泵轴带动叶轮旋转，对液体作功，使其能量（包括位能、压能和动能）增加，从而使液体输送到高处或要求有压力的地方。• 泵是一种重要的通用机械，产品广泛应用于工业、农业领域。工业领域主要应用于火力发电、核电、石油开采、石油化工、城市供水、环保等。• 泵的种类很多，对它的分类方法也各不相同，按其工作原理可以分为三大类：叶片式水泵，容积式水泵，其他类型水泵。我们现在按结构、介质、用途进行综合分类，见下表
（二）、处理厂使用的泵的结构、工作原理、
维护检修及其常见故障 •1、离心泵 离心泵的基本结构是由六部分组成的分别是叶轮，泵体，泵轴，轴承，密封环，填料函。叶轮是离心泵的核心部分，它转速高出力大，叶轮上的叶片又起到主要作用，叶轮在装配前要通过静平衡实验。叶轮上的内外表面要求光滑，以减少水流的摩擦损失。 泵体也称泵壳，它是水泵的主体。起到支撑固定作用，并与安装轴承的托架相连接。泵轴的作用是借联轴器和电动机相连接，将电动机的转距传给叶轮，所以它是传递机械能的主要部件。 轴承是套在泵轴上支撑泵轴的构件，有滚动轴承和滑动轴承两种。滚动轴承使用牛油作为润滑剂加油要适当一般为2/3～3/4的体积太多会发热，太少又有响声并发热！ 滑动轴承使用的是透明油作润滑剂的,加油到油位线。太多油要沿泵轴渗出并且漂贱，太少轴承又要过热烧坏造成事故！在水泵运行过程中轴承的温度最高在85度一般运行在60度左右，如果高了就要查找原因（是否有杂质，油质是否发黑，是否进水）并及时处理。
密封环又称减漏环。叶轮进口与泵壳间的间隙过大会造成泵内高压区的水经此间隙流向低压区，影响泵的出水量，效率降低！间隙过小会造成叶轮与泵壳摩擦产生磨损。为了增加回流阻力减少内漏，延缓叶轮和泵壳的所使用寿命，在泵壳内缘和叶轮外援结合处装有密封环，密封的间隙保持在0.25～1.10mm之间为宜。 填料函主要由填料，水封环，填料筒，填料压盖，水封管组成。填料函的作用主要是为了封闭泵壳与泵轴之间的空隙，不让泵内的水流流到外面来也不让外面的空气进入到泵内。始终保持水泵内的真空！当泵轴与填料摩擦产生热量就要靠水封管住水到水封圈内使填料冷却！保持水泵的正常运行。所以在水泵的运行巡回检查过程中对填料函的检查是特别要注意！在运行600个小时左右就要对填料进行更换
离心泵的工作原理:当离心泵启动后，泵轴带动叶轮一起作高速旋转运动，迫使预先充灌在叶片间液体旋转，在惯性离心力的作用下，液体自叶轮中心向外周作径向运动。液体在流经叶轮的运动过程获得了能量，静压能增高，流速增大。当液体离开叶轮进入泵壳后，由于壳内流道逐渐扩大而减速，部分动能转化为静压能，最后沿切向流入排出管路。所以蜗壳不仅是汇集由叶轮流出液体的部件，而且又是一个转能装置。当液体自叶轮中心甩向外周的同时，叶轮中心形成低压区，在贮槽液面与叶轮中心总势能差的作用下，致使液体被吸进叶轮中心。依靠叶轮的不断运转，液体便连续地被吸入和排出。液体在离心泵中获得的机械能量最终表现为静压能的提高。
需要强调指出的是，若在离心泵启动前应向泵壳内灌满被输送的液体，由于空气密度低，叶轮旋转后产生的离心力小，叶轮中心区不足以形成吸入贮槽内液体的低压，因而虽启动离心泵也不能输送液体。这表明离心泵无自吸能力，此现象称为气缚。吸入管路安装单向底阀是为了防止启动前灌入泵壳内的液体从壳内流出。空气从吸入管道进到泵壳中都会造成气缚。

Answer 1

Equipment maintenance directory, pump gas purification (a), definition and classification of the pump (two), treatment plants use pump structure, working principle, maintenance and the common faults of centrifugal pump reciprocating pump metering pump, 5 screw pump, gear pump
(three), pump daily maintenance and repair program (a), the definition and classification of the pump, the pump is the original motive of the mechanical energy is converted to liquid energy machine. The original motivation (motor, diesel engine etc.) drives the impeller to rotate through shaft, to do work on liquid, so the energy (including potential energy, pressure energy and kinetic energy) increases, so that the liquid delivery requirements to high pressure or place. • pump is a kind of general machinery important, products are widely used in industry, agriculture. Industry is mainly applied to the field of thermal power, nuclear power, petroleum, petrochemical, city water supply, environmental protection etc.. In many species, pump, classification method, it also each are not identical, according to its working principle can be divided into three categories: vane type pump, positive displacement pumps, other types of pumps. We now according to the structure, medium, use comprehensive classification, see table
(two), treatment plants use pump structure, working principle, maintenance and common fault • 1, centrifugal pump centrifugal pump is the basic structure composed of six parts are the impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearings, seal rings, stuffing box. Impeller centrifugal pump is the core part, its higher speed, the impeller blades and played a major role in the assembly before, the impeller through the static equilibrium experiments. Internal and external surface of impeller on the requirements of smooth, to reduce the flow friction loss. Also known as pump pump shell, which is the main water pump. Play a role in supporting fixed, and is connected with the installation of the bearing bracket. The role of pump shaft coupling and motor by connecting, the motor torque to the impeller, it is the transmission of mechanical energy of the main components. Is a set of bearings component on the support shaft in the shaft, a rolling bearing and sliding bearing two. Rolling the use of butter as a lubricant oil to be appropriate is 2/3 3/4 size too much may have a fever, and too little heat and noise! Sliding bearings using a transparent oil as lubricant, fuel to the oil level line. Too much oil to be leaking along the shaft and drift of base, too little overheated bearings burned to the accident! Bearing in the pump during operation the maximum temperature of 85 degrees in the general run of about 60 degrees, if we should find the reasons for higher (whether there are impurities, oil is black, is water) and timely treatment.
Also known as reduced leakage sealing ring ring. Impeller and pump shell gap between the pump pressure will cause the water flow through the gap area of low pressure water pump, effect, efficiency! The gap is too small will cause the impeller and the pump shell friction and wear. In order to increase the return to reduce the internal leakage resistance, the service life of delaying the impeller and the pump shell, junction with sealing ring in the pump impeller shell edge and foreign aid, sealing the gap remained at between 0.25 ~ 1.10mm is appropriate. Stuffing mainly by the packing, seal ring, tube filler, filler cap, seal tubes. Fill the role of letter is to close the gap between the pump shell and a pump shaft, not to pump the water flow out to not let the outside air into the pump. Always maintain the vacuum pump! When the pump shaft and the packing heat friction depends on the water pipe on the living water to fill the cooling water sealed circle! To maintain the normal operation of pumps. So in the operation process of pump in the inspection tour of inspection of the stuffing is the special attention should be paid to! On the packing should be replaced in about 600 hours to run
Centrifugal pump working principle: when the centrifugal pump, pump shaft to drive the impeller to rotate quickly, forcing the pre filling rotating liquid in leaves, in the inertial centrifugal force, the liquid from the impeller center outward radial motion. Liquid obtained energy during the motion process flows through the impeller, pressure can increase, the increase of flow rate. When the liquid from the impeller to enter the pump shell, and deceleration due to shell channel expands gradually, part of kinetic energy into pressure energy, the final discharge pipe along a tangential flow. So the volute is not only from the impeller outflow liquid components, but also a turning device. When the liquid from the impeller center swing outward to form a low pressure area, the center of the impeller, the total potential energy surface and the center of the impeller tank under the difference, thus the liquid is sucked into the center of the impeller. Relying on the continuous running impeller, the liquid will be continuously suction and discharge. The mechanical energy of liquid in the centrifugal pump performance for the ultimate pressure can improve.
It should be stressed that, if the pump before the start should be filled with liquid to be delivered to the pump shell, because the air density is low, the centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the impeller, the impeller center area is not enough to form a suction pressure liquid storage tank, so although the centrifugal pump can not transport liquid. This shows that the non self priming centrifugal pump, this phenomenon is called gas. Suction piping installation check valve is to prevent before the start into the pump shell liquid flows out from the shell. Air from the suction pipe to cause gas tied all the pump casing. 望采纳！！！

Answer 2

Natural gas cleaning equipment maintenance
Contents
1. Pump
1.1 Pump definition and classification
1.2 Treating factory’s pump structure, operating principle, maintenance, repairing and common fault
1.2.1 Centrifugal pump
1.2.2 Reciprocating pump
1.2.3 Metering pump
1.2.4 Screw pump
1.2.5 Gear pump
1.3 Pump routine maintaining and repairing procedure

1.1 Pump definition and classification
Pump is a machine transforming prime motor’s mechanical energy to liquid’s energy. Prime motor(electromotor, diesel engine, etc.) rotates impeller through pump spindle to power liquid so that its energy (including potential energy, pressure energy and kinetic energy) increases to convey the liquid to higher place or where pressure is needed.
Pump is an important general machinery. It is extensively used in the fields of industry and agriculture. In industry it is mainly used for thermal power generation, nuclear power, petroleum exploitation, petroleum chemical, city water supply and environmental protection etc.
Pump has many types and its classifying method is various. By its operating principle it can be divided into three catalogues: vane pump, volume pump, and other pumps. The following table is a general classification based on structure, media and usage.

1.2 Treating factory’s pump structure, operating principle, maintenance, repairing and common fault

1.2.1 Centrifugal pump
Centrifugal pump is mainly formed by six parts: impeller, pump body, pump spindle, bearings, sealing rings and stuffing box. Impeller is centrifugal pump’s core part with high rotating speed and strong force. The vanes on the impeller play a main role. Before assembly, impeller must pass static balance test. Impeller’s inner and outer surface should be smooth to decrease water flow’s frictional loss. Pump body is also called pump casting. It is pump’s main body with function of supporting and fixing and connecting with bearing bracket. Pump spindle is connected with motor through coupling and transmits motor torque to impeller. So it is main part of mechanical energy transmitting. Bearing is a component sheathing pump spindle to support it, including antifriction bearing and sliding bearing. Antifriction bearing uses tallow as lubricant. The tallow refill should be proper, normally 2/3 ~ 3/4 of volume. Too much can cause heating and too less cause noise and heating. Sliding bearing uses clean oil as lubricant. Oil refill should be to oil level line. Too much oil will ooze out along pump spindle and splatter; too less will overheat and cause accident. The bearing maximum temperature in pump operation is850C and normally around 600C.If it is too high, must look for reasons (if there is impurity, oil becomes black, or water seep in) and solve it in time. Sealing ring is also called leaking-reducing ring. Too big gap between impeller inlet and pump casting will cause water flows from high pressure area to low pressure area through this gap, affecting water yield and lower efficiency; too small gap will cause abrasion between impeller and pump casting. To increase backflow resistance and decrease inner leaking and lengthen impeller’s and pump casting’s lives, sealing ring is assembled on the joint of pump casting inner surface and impeller outer surface. Sealing gap 0.25 ~ 1.10mm is best. Stuffing box is consisted of stuffing material, water-sealing ring, stuffing trunk, cover and water-sealing tube. Stuffing box’s main function is sealing the gap between pump casting and pump spindle to prevent water inside pump flowing out as well as outside air flowing in so that the pump is kept vacuum inside all the time. When friction of pump spindle and stuffing material produces heat, the water will go through water-sealing tube to water-sealing ring to cool down stuffing material so that pump can work normal. So special attention must be paid to stuffing material during itinerant inspection in pump operation. Stuffing material must be replaced after about 600h working.

Centrifugal pump operation principle: after started, pump spindle drives impeller together to rotate in high speed, the pre-filled liquid is compelled to rotate among vanes, under inertial centrifugal force, the liquid starts radical motion from impeller center to periphery. The liquid gets energy when flowing through impeller, static energy and flowing rate increase. After left impeller, the liquid enters into pump casting, since flowing way becomes wider and wider, flowing rate decreases and part of kinetic energy transforms to static energy, at last it flows into outlet tube along tangential. So pump casting is not only the place of accumulating liquid flowed from impeller but also a energy-transforming device. When liquid was tossed from impeller center to periphery, impeller center becomes low pressure area, liquid will be absorbed into impeller center under the total potential energy difference of storage surface and impeller center. With impeller’s continuous rotating, liquid is absorbed in and tossed out continuously. The mechanical energy acquired by the liquid in centrifugal pump finally becomes increased static energy.

It is needed to emphasize that before centrifugal pump starts, liquid should be fully filled into pump casting. Because air density is small, centrifugal force produced after impeller rotates is small, impeller center cannot form low pressure needed to absorb liquid to storage, so even though centrifugal pump starts, it cannot convey liquid. This shows centrifugal pump has no self-absorbability. The phenomenon is called air bind. Installing of one-way bottom valveto absorbing tubeway isto prevent liquid from flowing out before starting. Airentering into pump casting through absorbing tubeway can cause air bind.