Question

帮忙翻译以下这段文字吧，谢谢！

There are different types of bonds. Bonds secured by the pledge of specific assets are called mortgage bonds or secured bonds. An unsecured bond is called a debenture bond; its value rests upon the general credit of the issuing corporation. Large corporations with good credit ratings use unsecured bonds extensively. Bonds that can be converted into common stock at the bondholder’s option are convertible bonds. Convertible bonds have features that are attractive both to bondhoders and to the issuer. The conversion often gives bondholders an opportunity to benefit if the market price of the common stock increases substantially. Furthermore, until conversion, the bondholder receives interest on the bond. For the issuer, the bonds sell at a higher price and pay a lower rate of interest than comparable debt securities that so not have a conversion option. Bonds that the issuing company can retire at a stated dollar amount prior to maturity are callable bonds. When the name of the owner is registered with the issuing corporation, the bond is a registered bond. Payment of interest is made by semiannual checks mailed to the registered owners. Bonds not registered are called bearer or coupon bonds. Coupon bonds have interest coupons attached; each six months during the life of the bond one of these coupon becomes due. The bondholder detaches the coupon and deposits it with a bank for collection. The name of the holder are not registered with the corporation.

Answer 1

债券有很多不同的种类。以特定资产担保的债券被称为抵押债券或者有保证债券。没有这种保证的债券被称为信用债券（注：debenture其实本身就是债券的一种类型），其价值取决于债券发行公司总体的信用状况。

信用等级较高的大企业广泛使用信用债券。可以被债券持有人转换为普通股的债券被称为可转换债券。可转换债券对持有人和发行人都有吸引力。当普通股的市场价格上涨较大时，这种转换使得债券持有人有机会获利。此外，直到转换为止，债券持有人一直可以获取债券利息。而对债券的发行者而言，这种债券比不可转换债券的发行价格更高、利率更低。

发行公司可以在到期日之前按约定价格回收的债券称为可回收债券。如果债券持有人需要在发行债券的公司登记其姓名，那么这种债券就是记名债券。利息的支付每半年进行一次，通过邮送支票将利息支付给登记过的债券持有人。不记名债券称为息票债券，这种债券附有息票。在债券有效期内，每六个月结息一次。债券持有人撕下息票并将其存入银行以便由银行代收利息。持有人无需在发行公司登记其姓名。

Answer 2

有不同的类型债券。债券由特定资产承诺巩固叫做抵押债券或被巩固的债券。无担保债券称公司债券; 它的价值休息在发布的公司的一般信用。大公司以好信用评级广泛地使用无担保债券。可能被转换成普通股在债券持有人的选择的债券是可兑现金债券。可兑现金债券有是有吸引力的对股票持有人和对发行人的特点。转换经常提供债券持有人机会有益于如果普通股的市场价极大地增加。此外, 直到转换, 债券持有人接受兴趣在债券。发行人, 债券比如此没有兑换选项的可比较的债务证券卖以一个更高的价和支付更低的利率。发行公司能退休在陈述的美元数额在成熟之前的债券是可赎回的债券。当所有者的名字向发布的公司登记, 债券是登记的债券。付款利益由每半年检查付被邮寄对登记的所有者。债券没登记叫做持票人或优惠券债券。优惠券债券有兴趣优惠券附上; 每六个月在生活政券期间这些的当中一个优惠券变得适当。债券持有人分开优惠券和放置它与一家银行为汇集。囤户的名字不向公司登记。