Question

求英文翻译

第四章研究古代技术伦理形成的原因、道德规范及价值观。论文指出调整技术主体与其他社会成员的关系的需要、伦理文化对技术领域的渗透与对技术社会问题的反思是技术伦理形成的三个原因。论文从实践层面探讨“功致为上”和“毋作淫巧”这两条先秦时期的制度性伦理规范及确保其实效性的重要机制。论文还从观念层面探讨先秦思想家的技术价值观。先秦儒家主张“以礼制器”的技术价值观，发挥器物道德教化、维护社会等级秩序的功能；墨家主张“兴天下之利”的技术价值观，认为技术发展应以“足以奉给民用，则止”为原则，反对将技术引导到追求“文采刻镂”的方向；道家主张“道进乎技”的技术价值观，对“心为物役”、“有机事者必有机心”等“道之不载”的现象充满着忧患意识，追求“道技合一”的理想境界。
第五章研究先秦生态伦理思想的形成与主要内容。论文认为先秦时期人们能够用科学的眼光认识人与环境的关系，并从“天人合一”的哲学视角思考人与自然的关系，表明生态伦理理性已经兴起。论文从生产方式、消费方式、技术发展模式、社会模式四个方面归纳先秦思想家的生态伦理思想，将先秦可持续发展观概括为“时养”和“时禁”两个方面的有机统一，并揭示“黜奢崇俭”的生态消费伦理意蕴。

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Answer 1

第四章研究古代技术伦理形成的原因、道德规范及价值观。
In the fourth chapter the writer deals with the reasons, moral codes and values of the formation of the ancient technical morality.
论文指出调整技术主体与其他社会成员的关系的需要、伦理文化对技术领域的渗透与对技术社会问题的反思是技术伦理形成的三个原因。
The writer of the paper points out that there are three reasons for the formation of technical morality. They are the need of adjusting the relations between the technical entity and the other social members, the merging of moral culture ninto the techincal field and the reflection on the problems of technical society.
论文从实践层面探讨“功致为上”和“毋作淫巧”这两条先秦时期的制度性伦理规范及确保其实效性的重要机制。
The writer studies on the practical level the two systematic moral codes of " functions above all" and "no sly skills" formed in the early Qin period and the important organisam of ensuring their effectiveness.
论文还从观念层面探讨先秦思想家的技术价值观。
The writer also studies on the conceptual level the technical value of the early Qin thinkers.
先秦儒家主张“以礼制器”的技术价值观，发挥器物道德教化、维护社会等级秩序的功能；
The early Qin Confucianists advocated the technical value of 'controlling the technique with morality" to apply the functions of moral teaching by technical objects and the maintenance of social class order;
墨家主张“兴天下之利”的技术价值观，认为技术发展应以“足以奉给民用，则止”为原则，反对将技术引导到追求“文采刻镂”的方向；
The Muists advocated the technical value of "the advantanges of developing the world" and believed the technical development should take the the principle of " stop when it is enough to supply the people and opposed the orientation of "literary decorations" with technique;
"道家主张“道近乎技”的技术价值观，对“心为物役”、“有机事者必有机心”等“道之不载”的现象充满着忧患意识，追求“道技合一”的理想境界。
The Taoists advocated the technical value of " Tao is close to technique" and had a deep concern of disater with the phenomena of " no more Taos" such as the "heart ruled by material"and "the technician must have the sly personality", and pursued the ideal of " combining the Tao and technique".

第五章研究先秦生态伦理思想的形成与主要内容。
In the fifth chapter the writer deals with the formation and main contents of the ecological moral thinking in the early Qin period.
论文认为先秦时期人们能够用科学的眼光认识人与环境的关系，并从“天人合一”的哲学视角思考人与自然的关系，表明生态伦理理性已经兴起。
The paper believes that in the early Qin period people could view the relation of humans and environment with a scientific insight, the writer also considers the relations between humans and nature from a philosdophic angle of " man and nature in oneness" and displays the rise of the ecological moral reasonig.
论文从生产方式、消费方式、技术发展模式、社会模式四个方面归纳先秦思想家的生态伦理思想，将先秦可持续发展观概括为“时养”和“时禁”两个方面的有机统一，并揭示“黜奢崇俭”的生态消费伦理意蕴。
The writer of the paper sums up the four aspects of means of production, means of consumption, patterns of technical development and social patterns as the ecological moral thinking of the early qin thinkers. The writer also sums up the concept of the sustainable development in the early Qin period as "timely cultivation" and " timely prohibition", which are unified organically, and reveals the moral implications of the ecological consumptionm in "getting rid of luxury and cherishing the simplicity".

Answer 2

The fourth chapter research ancient times technical ethics formedreason, moral standard and values. The paper pointed out theadjustment technology main body with other members of different socialclasses' relations need, ethics culture to the area of technologyseepage with to technical society question reconsidering is threereasons which technical ethics forms. The paper "the merit sends fromthe practice stratification plane discussion for on" and "does not dodo obscene is skillful" these two 先秦时期 system ethics standardand guarantees its actual effect important mechanism. Paper also fromidea stratification plane discussion pre-qin thinker's technicalvalues. The pre-qin Confucianist advocated "by 礼制" the technicalvalues, displays utensil morals enlightenment, the maintenance societyrank order function; The Mohist school advocated "is popular advantageof the world" the technical values, thought the technologicaldevelopment should by "sufficiently present for civilly, then stops"is the principle, opposes the technical guidance to the pursue "theliterary talent 刻镂" direction; Taoism advocated "the road entersthe technique" the technical values, right "the heart for 物役","has 机事 must have 机心" and so on "does not carry" thephenomenon to fill the sense of hardship, the pursue "a techniquegathers one" the ideal boundary.
Fifth chapter research pre-qin ecology ethics thought formation andmain content. The paper thought 先秦时期 the people can thesufficient science judgement know the person and the environmentrelations, and "gathers from the beauty one" the philosophy angle ofview pondered the person and the natural relations, indicated theecology ethics rationality already emerged. The paper from theproduction method, the expense way, the technological developmentpattern, the social pattern four aspects induces the pre-qin thinker'secology ethics thought, the pre-qin sustainable development viewsummary is "when raises" and "when endures" two aspects organicunifications, and promulgates "dismisses extravagantly honorsthriftily" the ecology expense ethics 意蕴.

Answer 3

The fourth chapter research ancient times technical ethics formedreason, moral standard and values. The paper pointed out theadjustment technology main body with other members of different socialclasses' relations need, ethics culture to the area of technologyseepage with to technical society question reconsidering is threereasons which technical ethics forms. The paper "the merit sends fromthe practice stratification plane discussion for on" and "does not dodo obscene is skillful" these two system ethics standardand guarantees its actual effect important mechanism. Paper also fromidea stratification plane discussion pre-qin thinker's technicalvalues. The pre-qin Confucianist advocated "by the technicalvalues, displays utensil morals enlightenment, the maintenance societyrank order function; The Mohist school advocated "is popular advantageof the world" the technical values, thought the technologicaldevelopment should by "sufficiently present for civilly, then stops"is the principle, opposes the technical guidance to the pursue "theliterary talent direction; Taoism advocated "the road entersthe technique" the technical values, right "the heart for must have and so on "does not carry" thephenomenon to fill the sense of hardship, the pursue "a techniquegathers one" the ideal boundary.
Fifth chapter research pre-qin ecology ethics thought formation andmain content. The paper thought the people can thesufficient science judgement know the person and the environmentrelations, and "gathers from the beauty one" the philosophy angle ofview pondered the person and the natural relations, indicated theecology ethics rationality already emerged. The paper from theproduction method, the expense way, the technological developmentpattern, the social pattern four aspects induces the pre-qin thinker'secology ethics thought, the pre-qin sustainable development viewsummary is "when raises" and "when endures" two aspects organicunifications, and promulgates "dismisses extravagantly honorsthriftily" the ecology expense ethics

Answer 4

Chapter IV of ancient technology research the causes of ethics, moral standards and values. The main thesis that technical adjustments with other members of society the relationship between the needs of Ethical Culture on the technical fields of technology and the infiltration of social problems is the reflection of the ethics form three reasons. Level papers from the practice of "credit to the last" and "Do not make淫巧" These two systems of the pre-Qin period ethical norms and ensure its effectiveness of the important mechanisms. Concept papers from the pre-Qin thinkers level of technical values. Pre-Qin Dynasty Confucian ideas of "Etiquette for" technical values, moral indoctrination play artifacts, maintaining social order of the functional hierarchy; Mohist advocated "Lee Hing world's" technical values, and that technological development should be "sufficient to civilian Feng, only "principle, opposed to the technical guide to the pursuit of" Wen - Tsai carved circular screen "direction; Taoist ideas" Tao Jin between technology "technical values," for the heart of easements, "" organic matter bound to get organic heart "and" Road not contained "phenomenon filled with a sense of urgency in pursuing" Road technical integration "ideal state.
Chapter 5 of the Pre-Qin ecological ethics study the formation and the main ideological content. Pre-Qin period thesis that people can use the scientific understanding of the vision of the relationship between man and environment, and from the "harmony between man and nature" philosophy Perspective thinking the relationship between man and nature that has ecological ethics rational rise. Papers from the production, consumption patterns, technology development model and pattern into four aspects of the Pre-Qin thinkers Ecological Ethics thinking, the concept of sustainable development will be pre-Qin summed up as "custody" and "cut" two aspects of organic unity and reveals "黜extravagance崇俭" Ethical Implications of the ecological consumption.